Israeli textbook under review for giving Palestinian version of 'nakba'
Students unable to distinguish between Arab propaganda and objective analysis, says one teacher.
By Or Kashti Tags: Israel news Palestinians NakbaThe Education Ministry will be reexamining a new Hebrew-language history textbook published by the Zalman Shazar Center that was approved for 11th- and 12th-grade classes. The textbook gives expression to the Palestinian perspective on the Nakba ("catastrophe" in Arabic), which is the Palestinians' term for what happened to them in the War of Independence.
The textbook, "Nationalism: Building a State in the Middle East," was published several weeks ago. It contains a passage stating "the Palestinians and the Arab states contended that most of the [Palestinian] refugees were civilians who were attacked and expelled from their homes by the armed Jewish forces, which instituted a policy of ethnic cleansing, contrary to the proclamations of peace in the Declaration of Independence."
The subject of the Palestinian refugee problem has appeared in the school history curriculum for years. In the new textbook, the chapter dealing with the issue begins with a set of "facts" on which there is almost no dispute: Many Palestinians left the country during the War of Independence, whether because they believed "they would return as victors with the invading [Arab] armies" or because of "the fear of the Israeli forces," and "many others were expelled from their places of residence."
The refugee problem, the chapter says, "became the focus of a number of political and historiographic [relating to the writing of history] controversies" on the causes for the flow of refugees, estimated at several hundred thousand people.
The book presents the Palestinian and the Jewish-Israeli points of view side by side. Immediately following the Palestinian narrative, the Zionist narrative states that "for years, the State of Israel has contended it called upon the Palestinians to stay, and they fled their villages and towns during the war because they were abandoned by their leadership, because of Arab propaganda about atrocities and due to the instructions of the invading [Arab] armies."
In summarizing the two versions, the chapter says: "Later historical research has raised a complex picture in which alongside the abandonment of cities there were also incidents of organized expulsion, such as in Lod and Ramle," and that "the flight from the villages frequently occurred following attacks on them by Jewish forces."
The chapter gives three notable sources in its description of events, including Yohanan Cohen, who was a company commander in the War of Independence and later served as a member of Knesset. Cohen recounts that "not only was the flight of the Arabs directed and carried out at the initiative of the Arab leadership, but also the leadership of the Jewish community tried more than once to stop it and prevent it." The second point of view is from the Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi, who wrote that 13 operations, carried out, he contended, in the context of so-called Plan Dalet [Pand D] were a historic opportunity for the Jews to cleanse the country of Arabs, and to deny the Arab presence simply by wiping it out. The third source, Benny Morris of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, said Plan Dalet gave certain commanders of the prestate Jewish Haganah a free hand to empty strategically key areas of their inhabitants, adding that each unit interpreted and carried out the instructions as it understood them and in accordance with local circumstances. There was no decision, he said, to expel the Arabs from the territory of the Jewish State.
A Jerusalem-area history teacher said that students cannot be taught the way the textbook presents the material, as they are unable to distinguish between Arab propaganda and objective analysis, adding that the "claims" of the State of Israel cannot be presented as having equal value as those of Arab propagandists. Similarly, the teacher said, Nazi propaganda could not be presented side by side with the Jewish view of the Holocaust. Another teacher from the center of the country, said, however, that "a substantial part of the study of history involves the expression of as many points of view as possible."
Zvi Yekutiel, the director of the Zalman Shazar Center, which published the textbook, said: "We were asked by the Education Ministry to make more than a few changes in the book, but with respect to this specific chapter, nothing was said. On the contrary, the ministry's specific instructions were to present points in controversy, so the students can confront them and form an opinion." Yekutiel added that "on second consideration, the anger that the chapter engendered can be understood. If they tell us to revise a few pages, it won't be a problem and the changes will be made in the second edition. Textbooks need to reflect the broadest consensus. I work for the mainstream."
Tsafrir Goldberg, who was responsible for the chapter on the Palestinian refugees, said yesterday: "The publisher has the right to make any decision." He added that "as a researcher in the field of education, I believe one of the ways to develop historical thought is to confront the student with conflicting points of view." He said he did not present the contentions regarding ethnic cleansing as fact but rather as a Palestinian version of events. "It is not extreme," he added,"in my view, to know that someone thinks differently than you do."
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you played with fire and you've got burned. So much for your 'We are the victims' myth.
They have lost the state they didn't have. They have lost the land that wasn't theirs. They have lost the war that they have started. They have lost their children to Jihad. They have lost the new chance for a state. They have lost common sense to fanatism. They have lost their minds to hate. What i would call,a selfmade Nakba.
Do British textbooks tell your students about the MILLIONS of innocent civilians MURDERED by the Commonwealth forces in World War 2? French, Dutch, German, Chinese, Thai, Japanese? Bet not. Clean your own house first. By the way when is the British occupation of the Malvinas, Northern Ireland, Gibralter, Wales and Scotland going to end? Isn't 500+ years long enough?
,hundreds thousands of them ?
It depends on how the Palestinian narrative version of the Nakba is taught. Generally, students need to be taught solid facts. It would not be alright to teach the non-factual, purely mythic aspects of the Palestinian narrative as if they were factual. That would just be an exercise in propaganda. To explain the Palestinian belief in these things as part of the basis for their political positions to older students would be alright.
Actually Haifa isn't as good as an example as you seem to think. Shabtai Levi did try and get Arabs to stay in Haifa while promising that they wouldn't be harmed. Levi might have had the best of intentions but his position was not shared by those with real power who sent the Carmeli brigade in to cleanse the city with orders to 'kill any Arab you encounter and torch all imflammable objects'. Haifa's Arab population fled to the market near the port gate in hope of escaping the attack and were shelled relentlessly by the Carmeli brigade.
In some places the Jews did indeed ask the Arabs to stay. Haifa is an excellent example. In other places, Arabs were expelled, and in other places, they fled.
I wonder if the texbook also represents nazi view on Holocaust. Or is it still continue to have one-sided story?
Ha ha ha! What an outright untruth!
If you call the Palestinians your enemy, you ought to understand what impels them to be so; without that understanding you will be unable to counter their arguments. If you believe that a just and honorable peace is possible, you ought to know how to address their grievances and propose conceivably viable compromises. In either case, Sun Tzu's axiom in "The art of War", "Know your enemy.." is applicable.
Are Arabs capable of dealing with the situation as it is now?
It doesn't make a different for them how many versions they get.It doesn't make a different what the books says if home you learn the"real truth".They will only believe what serve them best,and if it is the truth or not has nothing to do with it,and that is their real"Nakba".
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Irgun_attacks There's a long list on here including bombs in cafes, on buses, in marketplaces, in cinemas etc. There's also an interesting discussion page where assorted pro-Irgun fans try to dispute the list, but apparently without much success. Judge for yourself. I imagine that the Arabs caught up in these attacks, and friends and families must have got the impression that the Jews wanted them to leave. Unless, of course, the bombs had 'Don't flee! Please stay!' written on them, perhaps with lots of love hearts.
Inserting the Nakba to humour Palestinians and leaving it at that is like teaching the Palestinian students that 6 million died in the holocaust simply because of an accident in history. If most Israelis still believe that their country did not commit anything wrong in Gaza, of what purpose will this token insertion about the Nakba serve? As to Benny Morris, today he is singing a completely different tune about the deliberate expulsion of the 48 Palestinians by Ben Gurion. He must have gotten tired of being out in the cold since he expressed his initial opinion about Ben Gurion's massive expulsions in 48 and now he is saying that expulsions were committed by a few renegade Jewish officers acting on their own and in a few areas only. It's time Israel stopped pulling PR gimmicks like this insertion story and started honestly doing something about correcting the injustices committed by the Zionist enterprise.
The decision to blow up the King David Hotel was the correct one. You British had no business occupying our country, and you had no business shutting the doors to Jewish immigration, especially during the Holocaust. Your country, although it fought the Nazis, nevertheless bears the blood of millions of Jews on its hands for (1) Not bombing the death camps when your government already knew what was going on and (2) Restricting Jewish immigration to our historic homeland when it was the only viable option for Jews to flee the Nazi death machine. Your great country, when it finally left Palestine, handed EVERYTHING over to the five invading Arab armies. In the meantime, the 600,000 Jews of Israel had to work around a total arms embargo. You're really a great, moral nation for doing this to us a mere three years after the Holocaust. I really think Jews and Israelis should pay attention to the moral preaching of a Brit.
in it to use it in such a shallow way
,a legitimate target.Got it ?
from their ancestral land in Poland,Chechoslovakia and Russia after the WW2? Cry Lefties,atone ,apologize ,restitute !
hypocrites ? you-bet-ya
It is very funny to see how the Israelis cling onto their false belief in their innocence. Of course, the formation of "the Jewish state for the jewish people" could not have benefitted from an expulsion of the non-Jewish population. The Jews are always such good, moral people, they would never ethnically cleanse anybody - especially after the holocaust - Oh! How they suffered.... How dare you even mention Jews in a bad light. Even when they bombed the King David hotel, it was a moral act - for the greater good. That was not terrorism, it was freedom fighting. Even when they mowed down defenseless U.S. sailors on the USS Liberty, oh, it was a mistake - it is such an easy mistake to make. The list goes ON AND ON AND ON!! No. It is quite clear that any proper, honest study of Israel would reveal that it is an evil nation that has done great evil - this censorship of the textbooks to propagate the Zionist viewpoint over the objective truth is a precisely fascist act.
Could we even conceive that educational adiministrations of the Palestinian entity, Gaza, or even most Arab countries would consider adopting a high school textbook written from the Israeli perspective? When that day comes, I will say we are indeed on the road to a real peace based on mutual understanding and respect.
Both sides of the story need to be promoted in both the Palestinian and Israeli class rooms. The next generation need to be able to develop an informed critical view on the issue if they are to make compramise and reconciliation. The current generation have sadly been raised on nationalist propaganda, all that has achieved is a vicious cycle of theft, muder and an army of popular support for the crimes commited by both sides.
funny how Israel get's all worked up because of the alleged bias of the Goldstone-Gaza report. Yet when it comes to teaching it's a different matter eh?
Sir-what about the forgotten jewish refugees from the Arab countries they deserve a mention in our school books Issy Hass-Ra'anana
No substantial events can reciprocate the massive immigration of the Palestinians in 1947-48.Jewish terrorist organizations,the Urgun,Hagana,the Etzel.etc., had committed atrocities to innocent Palestinain civilians.My uncle Elias Siniora was 9 years when he left school on sunny day 1947,heading his Father's shop #10 on Mamila intersection when Jewish terrorists rolled down the hill canisters filled with explosives instead of milk to explode on the intersection killing & injuring Arab civilians,my uncle Elias was severely injured & spent his sixty earthy life crippled walking on crutches his body speared with shrapnel.Look Israel! if the Jewish people want to co-exist with Palestinians with those who carry Israeli citizenship or living in Palestinian authority area, should realize that no substantial events could reciprocate the real fact that Palestinians were victims of ill willed Arab leaders and Jewish terrorists. No one can deny this fact as world can't deny the Holocaust
Telling only a selected version of the story is equivalent to propaganda. We see this in totalitarian countries and in the Arab world where children and adults are taught a stilted version of the truth. This book, together with others such as the alternative Palestinian-Israeli narrative used by Prof. Sami Adwan and the late Professor Dan Bar-On represents a ray of light that will enable both Palestinians and Israelis of the next generation to come to terms with the fact that in any conflict, neither side is completely right, and in war both sides commit injustices and atrocities. Both Zionism and Palestinian nationalism have committed grave mistakes to achieve their goals. It?s time we all came to terms with them. .
"A Jerusalem-area history teacher said that students cannot be taught the way the textbook presents the material, as they are unable to distinguish between Arab propaganda and objective analysis, adding that the "claims" of the State of Israel cannot be presented as having equal value as those of Arab propagandists." My, my. That's what teachers are for, or so I thought. But that's ok; let's live in a vacuum and pretend there is only black and white, no gray, in what ought to be a Technicolor world. It is too bad that we cannot teach our children what Palestinians believe, whether or not we need to agree with them.
"I believe one of the ways to develop historical thought is to confront the student with conflicting points of view." (Historian Tsafrir Goldberg - see above) This is an established fact also for non-historical thought. The tendency to quash points of view is an extension of the instinct to club opposition rather than reason with it. It explains the slide in Israeli school achievement documented in reports such as Pisa. From near the top to two from the bottom in three decades. "It is not extreme," he added,"in my view, to know that someone thinks differently than you do." (Tsafrir Goldberg again) Not in the enlightened world, no. But here in Israel, it is said to harm security and those decades referred to above have polished off any murmurings that survived the continued, increasingly institutionalized, suppression of conflicting points of view.
Yes, our pupils should be presented with history as seen from both sides of the coin and then formulate their own opinions. Such presentation will encourage use of higher order thinking skills. I'd also recommend additional reading of titles such as Sandy Tolan's "The Lemon Tree".
Your title for the article is very misleading. One might understand it as meaning that the entire book is written from a Palestinian point of view. Not so. Any teacher or text which ignores the very existence of a Palestinian view is distorting history and failing to educate informed thinking students. The title should read "Israeli textbook under review for also presenting Palestinian view of 'nakba'.