'Pope Pius XII saved thousands of Jews'
New research has found that Pope Pius XII may have facilitated the exodus of about 200,000 Jews from Germany shortly after Kristallnacht, the Daily Telegraph reports.
By Haaretz Service Tags: Israel news Holocaust VaticanNew research has found that Pope Pius XII may have arranged the exodus of about 200,000 Jews from Germany just three weeks after Kristallnacht, the Daily Telegraph reported on Tuesday.
The research is being carried out by Dr. Michael Hesemann, a German historian who is combing through the Vatican archives for the Pave the Way Foundation, a U.S.-based interfaith group.
Pope Pius XII has been widely criticized for his silence during the Holocaust and his failure to explicitly denounce the Holocaust, the Nazi regime or to excommunicate Hitler.
The new research, however, shows that the perception of Pius XII as "Hitler's Pope" may be historically incorrect.
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Pope Pius XII |
| Photo by: AP |
Kristallnacht, known as "The Night of Broken Glass", took place on November 9-10, 1938. Ninety-one Jews in Germany and Austria were killed in anti-Jewish pogroms and tens of thousands were arrested and sent to concentration camps. Thousands of homes, buildings and synagogues were destroyed.
Hesemann said that Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli – the future Pius XII – wrote a letter on November 30, 1938, urging Catholic archbishops throughout the world to apply for visas for "non-Aryan Catholics" and Jewish converts to Christianity who wanted to flee Germany.
According to Hesemann, there is evidence that the visas would have been given to ordinary Jews and that the terms "converted Jews" and "non-Aryan Catholics" were a cover to prevent the Nazis from discovering the true purpose of the visas.
Elliot Hershberg, the chairman of the Pave the Way Foundation, was quoted in the Daily Telegraph report saying: “We believe that many Jews who were successful in leaving Europe may not have had any idea that their visas and travel documents were obtained through these Vatican efforts. Everything we have found thus far seems to indicate the known negative perception of Pope Pius XII is wrong.”
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What I would like to hear if Pope Pious XII condemned Nazi regime. The truth is he collaborated with Nazi. The Result is the killing of Six Millions Jews and Chrisitians.
In 1943 the commander of the Italian zone in France ordered the French authorities to release all Jews arrested at the command of the Germans. The same thing happened in Croatia and Greece. It is reported that the pope in a radio broadcast said, 'He who makes a distinction between Jews and other men is unfaithful to God and in conflict with God's commands.' In parts of Poland the Italian army gave arms to Jewish partisans. After Pius's Christmas 1942 address, Berlin went crazy, calling the Pope,' the mouthpiece of the Jewish war criminals'. Martin Gilbert, The Righteous: Unsung Heroes of the Holocaust, chapter 15.
The church has never denied its guidelines prohibiting returning baptised Jewish childen to the Jewish community. As late as Pope Benedict's recent visit to the Holy Land, Jewish groups petitioned him to allow Jewish-born Catholics to know their real ancestry. Pope John Paul rejected Pius's guidelines and DID return Jewish children in his diocese in Poland. The facts are not in doubt.
In Italy PiusXI took a courageous stand against the new racial laws of 1938, and went toe-to-toe with Mussolini, expressing his disgust as an Italians, as well as Pope. Before he died, he set in motion the writing of an official condemnation of racism and anti-Semitism, a documented process discontinued and buried by Pius XII. If the evidence is so clear that Pius XII was as clear on racism and anti-Semitism, why has the Vatican refused to open its archives, offering scholars instead heavily edited summations of documents. Remember a committee of top scholars, Catholics and Jews, was disbanded because of this Vatican policy. One should be suspicious of new claims unless they are based on hard evidence. Until then, what is clear is that when the Vatican intervened to help Jews, it was a matter of helping converts who, in the eyes of the Church, were no longer Jews but Catholics.
who he helped come forward in support of this supposed great deed so he may be recognized?
The emotional baggage from that period bears heavily on our shoulders. Betrayal came from friends, neighbors and allies. Those that survived have had their burdens multiplied as they realized they were among the few. A community of thought has developed reflecting the images preserved by the few. Yet there were enumerable just and heroic people whose actions we may never know of and who perished with the many. I am reluctant to pass judgement for there were those that appeared to be complicit but accomplished great good. In some cases scholarly research may clarify. In other cases we must just try to understand.
All Jews instinctively know that gentiles have not done enough to serve and protect Jews over the years and centuries. This goes double for the Catholic church.
Child sex abuse, incarceration, crusades ete etc never allow the Roman politico-religious entity called the catholic religion to be called a church
This is nothing new, really. Rabbi David Dalin researched this years ago and came to the same conclusions in his book "The Myth of Hitler's Pope" Praise for Pius XII from prominent Jewish leaders "We share in the grief of humanity [at the death of Pius XII]…. When fearful martyrdom came to our people in the decade of Nazi terror, the voice of the pope was raised for the victims. The life of our times was enriched by a voice speaking out on the great moral truths above the tumult of daily conflict. We mourn a great servant of peace." Golda Meir Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir praised Pius XII's courage against the Nazis"No keener rebuke has come to Nazism than from Pope Pius XI and his successor, Pope Pius XII."Rabbi Louis Finkelstein, chancellor, Jewish Theological Seminary of America "In the most difficult hours of which we Jews of Romania have passed through, the generous assistance of the Holy See…was decisive and salutary. It is not easy for us to find the right words to express the warmth and consolation we experienced because of the concern of the supreme pontiff, who offered a large sum to relieve the sufferings of deported Jews…. The Jews of Romania will never forget these facts of historic importance." Rabbi Alexander Safran, chief rabbi of Romania "The people of Israel will never forget what His Holiness and his illustrious delegates, inspired by the eternal principles of religion, which form he very foundation of true civilization, are doing for our unfortunate brothers and sisters in the most tragic hour of our history, which is living proof of Divine Providence in this world." Rabbi Isaac Herzog, chief rabbi of Israel "I told [Pope Pius XII] that my first duty was to thank him, and through him the Catholic Church, on behalf of the Jewish public for all they had done in the various countries to rescue Jews…. We are deeply grateful to the Catholic Church." Moshe Sharett (who later became Israel’s first foreign minister and second prime minister)Dr. Raphael Cantoni, director of the Italian Jewish Assistance Committee, wrote: "The Church and the papacy have saved Jews as much and in as far as they could save Christians.... Six million of my co-religionists have been murdered by the Nazis, but there could have been many more victims, had it not been for the efficacious intervention of Pius XII." Albert Einstein praised the efforts of Pius XII and the Church: "Only the Church protested against the Hitlerian onslaught on liberty." Golda Meir, Einstein and many wouldnt have praised Pius if the Deputy, or the Hitler's Pope book were nothing more than propaganda. Starting in the autumn of 1943, Pius ordered Italian churches and convents to hide Jews.• In Rome alone, 155 monasteries and convents sheltered more than 5,000.• Roughly 3,000 Jews found refuge in Castel Gandolfo, the pontiff’s summer residence.• Hundreds of Jews were housed within the walls of the Vatican.• Monsignor John Patrick Carroll-Abbing, a rescuer, founder of Italy’s Boy’s Town and a close confident of Pius XII, testified in his memoirs that all of this was done at the direction of a pope who’s now derided as a closet anti-Semite. Dalin writes: “He (Carroll-Abbing) stressed that the idea that he and others like him acted in spite of the pope’s silence ‘is a blatant lie! I spoke to Pope Pius XII many times during the war, in person, face to face, and he told me not once but many times to assist the Jews. … I can personally testify that the pope gave me direct face-to-face verbal orders to rescue Jews.’” It's good to see the information go more "mainstream" media though.
I am afraid that the Italian Jews I know confirm Lello Abbina's story. However, history also confirms, as Joseph notes, that the Italian army never participated in the Holocaust in any way, even when threatened to have their supplies cut by the Nazis in the Soviet Union. The Italian Army protected thousands of French Jews fleeing from the Vichy regime. Further, one of the greatest heroes of the war was Italian General Mario Roata who saved tens of thousands of Jews in the Balkans from the Nazi and Ustashi barbarians. The Pope who unquestionably saved tens and maybe hundreds of thousands of Jews was then Archbishop Roncalli, later Pope John XXIII -- a Pope who truly deserves to be a Saint.. As far as Pius goes, can someone explain his close ties to nazi groups like the Arrow Cross and Ustashi; fascists like the Slovakian puppet regime or the Vichy government, etc?? Nobody did anything to stop these monsters from their genocidal ways. And note that it wasn't just against the Jews I am talking about; the Ustashi were more interested in massacring Serbs. No record of Pius doing much to help there either...
I felt insulted when I saw the picture of the Pope at that shrine to self-pity called Yad Vashem. The Pope had no army to confont Germany. Why don't you replace it for Ben Gurion's picture? The claims that he didn't save the hungarian Jews is just as valid as the claims against Pius.
Popes don't get involved. Does anyone have any information on the present day pope getting involved in today's Palestinian Holocaust ? NO. Pope John Paul (recently deceased) said that these 2 American wars in the Middle East were immoral and crimes against humanity. He, spoke up on these wars. Has the present pope spoken up ? NO.
Today, besides the German Nazis we point the finger at FDR, Churchill, the Poles, Ukranians. Latvians, the Pope, But three fingers are pointing back at us. What about the revered Rebbes that quietly fled and left their followers to die, how about the Jewish Police and the Judenrats. Should we blame other religious leaders when many of our own saved themselves and deserted their followers? Can we blame other leaders when ours reamined silent, and can we blame other conquored peoples when our own dragged us from our homes and led us to the trains? The answer: sure we can blame anyone we want, but will we be taken seriously and what will we achieve?
Sir Martin Gilbert in 'The Rightous: Unsung Heroes of the Holocaust' points out that the Italian army never harmed a Jew in spite of being allied to Hitler. As a deeply Catholic country I don't doubt that their rejection of Nazi racism had something to do with the Church and its hierarchy. Only when Germany invaded Italy were Italian Jews murdered by the Nazis, and the Church did a great deal to rescue Italian Jews. Post-war Israeli leaders publicly thanked the Pope for helpng Jews.
Italy did have Nazi Style laws identical to the Nurnberg Laws. They were fired from jobs and could not hire Gentiles etc. So let's not exaggerate that things were rosy for them.
and ruins young lifes...hogwash..
or in Israel too?
I don't doubt that Pius XII had good intentions in 1939, but after the war he ruled that Catholics who saved Jewish children must not give the children back to the Jewish community. His reasoning was that they had been baptised and could not revert to being Jews, but this was deeply unsatisfactory to Jewish families who lost their children.
There is no evidence whatsoever that this was commanded to the bishops by Pope Pius XII. You may be referring to Pius IX who made such a claim in the case of Edgardo Mortara who was baptised as a child by his nanny. He remained Catholic, becoming a priest. That was a n infamous case but had nothing to do with Pius XII.
a lot of folks will never believe anything good about the catholic church, because the church is responsible for SO much corruption throughout history. but i think we have to realize that we are talking about a system that includes 1.5 billion people, and not all of them (or even most of them) are bad. i'm sure the descendants of those thousands of people are thankful to the pope.
I am pleased about this article. Eventhough Christians over the ages used something like 'religious arguments' in order to justify their maltreatments of jewish minorities, meaning arguments adapting to their common imposed moral order, I cannot see any real justification in maltreatment of others through Christianity. People were Christians because they had to be, there was no choice, but if someone is deeply inspired by the message of Jesus, it is impossible to rack others in his name. Christians were Anti-Semites and Christinas saved Jews by risking their own lives, and also christian priests were deported to the concentration camps. A simple damnation is not appropriate and this is one more jigsaw piece in order to clearify this.
Do we decided who the jews are to revere? No, so stay out of our religion - this is all so stupid
GUESS WHERE YOU WILL SPEND ETERNITY?
Hesemann said that Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli – the future Pius XII – wrote a letter on November 30, 1938, urging Catholic archbishops throughout the world to apply for visas for "non-Aryan Catholics" and Jewish converts to Christianity who wanted to flee Germany. According to Hesemann, there is evidence that the visas would have been given to ordinary Jews and that the terms "converted Jews" and "non-Aryan Catholics" were a cover to prevent the Nazis from discovering the true purpose of the visas. And if you believe that I have a bridge to sell you, very few miles, hardly ever used!!
After it seemed the world was turning against the Nazis, only then did the Church speak out against them We all know who set the stage for the holocaust The Churches in Germany did NOTHING to help the Jews, but when the Nazis had their T4 Program where they killed the handicapped, the Church spoke against it and they eventually stopped We all know who played the main role in the genocide of the Jews Did the Jews kill Jesus? perhaps, all I know is Jews have been paying the price since then
The people who are inclined to hate this fellow will not be swayed and those who already admire him will have that much more to admire. It's over 70 years. Give it a rest.
Yes we were hosted in a monastery but my father had to pay for the stay. It was not a free offer but a business. and the some 10,000 jews of Rome were hosted mostly by italian families. We fled the first night in a church but could stay only one night, The priest Padre Ceresi addressed us to a family of a memeber of his congregation but we had to pay there too. But few Italians showed their magnificence, helping us with fake documents, food, moral help. Their names have been signaled years ago to the Yad Va Shem as Just among the Nations. Pius XII was not in the list!
I was there just last year and was fortunate to speak with many local Jews- at la Sinagoga and on Portico D'Ottavia in the late afternoons, where many Jews hang out. Every one of them told me that their parents or grandparents were hidden by the Pope. AfterAfter the war, the Jews of Rome sent him a letter of thanks for itAfter the
I was in Rome on the black Shabbath october 16 1943. More than 1000 jews were abducted from their homes by the nazis. The crowd was closed in the Military collegium in Via della Lungara, close to the Bothanic Gardens. There they remained for two days. Less than 500 meter from the Holy Siege. The squinting eye of the pope did nothing to free the deported jews of Rome. My grand parents, their brothers and sisters, my first friend Gianfranco Bonfiglioli, 2 and half years old, the Almagià sisters(the oldest was in hers 80 and had a fractured leg) all of them went in Auschwitz; only 17 came back. Destroyed in their spirit and in their bodies. Thees socalled historians cannot change our memory. The memory of witnesses less to make offense to our matryrs.
I am deeply sorry for what happened to you and your families and folks and I deeply respect your statement. It is terrible, what the Nazis did and it is terrible, that humanity isn't so strong, that the surroundings and here the Vatican did nothing in order to prevent it. However this doesn't mean, that the article is wrong. It is rather questionalble, if the Church could have helped in that situation. It is no mark of heroism, maybe the church could have done more; maybe they kept silence in order to prevent themselves. The article showed that it is rather likley, that the Church looked for ways to withstand the Nazis, but not to confront or to provoke them. To say it with a Christina impetus, if there is any spirtual possibility to heel, what happened to you and yours I hope so much it will happen and I hope that it will also happen to those, who were blind and cruel or ignorant. That's all, what might make a change.
On the 9 October 1943 Hitler ordered that the 8,000 Jews of Rome were to be deported immediately [The National Archive, London, Document GFM/34/2770/E421521]. On 16 October 1943 the SS started the arrests at 5:30am [Gestapo Report, The National Archive, London, Document HW19/238]. On the morning of 16 October 1943, the German Ambassador to the Vatican, Baron von Weizsäcker, was summoned to the Vatican and warned that the Pope would speak out if the arrests did not stop [Actes et documents du Saint Siège relatifs à la seconde guerre mondiale, IX, Vatican Archives,1975, pages 505-506]. That same morning the German Commander of Rome received a note from a German Bishop warning that if the arrest of Jews was not suspended immediately the Pope would make a public protest [The National Archives, London, Documents FO1060/1368 and GFM34/2770/E421514]. The arrests stopped abruptly at 2pm. At that point only 1,259 Jews had been arrested. Of those arrested 257 were released and the remaining 1002 were sent to Auschwitz [Gestapo Report, The National Archive London, Document HW19/238]. No subsequent systematic round-up of Jewish men, women and children was ever undertaken again in Rome. Did the Pope do nothing?
Once again it is disturbingly absurd as to how history is being revised to erase historical facts. The Vatican under Pius did nothing to help Jews but rather encouraged, colluded and harbored Nazi war criminals. Israel would do well to take this into account especially as to its relationship to the Vatican.
to even consider let alone accept a different version to the 'official' events?
to even consider let alone accept a different version to the 'official' events?
that 200,000 Jews were saved on the orders of Cardinal Pacelli. 200,000 is a large number of people. How could Vatican missed it for 72 years?
Except for the 1000 who were unfortunately rounded up before he could intercede. They readily admit that they were hidden on his direct orders in convents and churches and monasteries- and even the Vatican.
Don't forget the 10 jewish families not allowed to leave Vatican city. 10 men
Yes,I'm sure he did help transfer much more than 200 thousand,from germany "to the East..." He also built bridges,the Brookling bridge and the Golden Gate...The week after Brazil declared war against Germany,the Brazilian Government arrested more than 300 catholic priests,that were using the crosses on top of the churches all along the coast as antenae for their short wave radios...and when the nazis were loosing the war,pius Xll had an office in the vatican,run by cardinal montini (that later became a pope himself),issueing passports for the ss murderers to escape to all over the world,specialy to S.America...Ask Gertrude Stein ,her sisters and her friends,how the pope helped...
My, my! The visceral hatred for Pius XII is white hot and does not even consider there might be a different version than the one expressed here. Pius XII has been prejudged and found wanting!! To hell with the evidence!
Love that brookling bridge
In fact priest had even their own 'priest block' in Dachau. There were German, Austrian and more than any others Polish priests. The Nazis made especially a whitch hunt on Polish Priests, since they had a lot of influence and were withstanding the Nazis. They were almost completley eleminated by the Nazis. In fact the catholic church did manage to make reliefs to their conditions of living, something the Protestants and others did not have. The catholics recieved a bit more food, which was directly payed by the Vatican. Later many of them lost these privileges again, which were not liked by the SS. Altogether there were more than 2.700 priests in Dachau and 1.034 of them died there. When Dachau was freed in 1945, there were 1.040 priests, most of them catholic.
I was there, when it happened. The church did nothing to prevent or help. I remember. We knew it would be useless to appeal to the church for help. If we were sinking into the morass of Nazi hate they would throw us a stone. I do remember, foldly, a small group of American Christians, who helped as much as they could. They helped me.
There was only one catholic priest killed by the nazis.An antisemitic mad dog called maximilian kolbe,that offered himself to replace his male lover in aushwitz...The naziz killed a Jewish writer Gertrude Stein,her sisters and a group of friends,that thought they would be safe if they would turn into nuns...They begged the vatican to allow them to move out of germany,but their were denied permission...They all died in aushwitz...In Danmark alone,the nazis hanged more than 10 Protestand Ministers for helping the Jews...In France,the Huguenot Villages by the border with Swizerland saved hundreds of Jewish adults and children...pius and hi vatican were silent allies of the nazis...
Profound neglect in checking your statements. 1. Maximilain Kolbe offered his life and it has nothing to do with a male lover. He offered his life in place of a prisoner whom he knew to have a family. 2. Your reference to the Stein sisters was not Gerturde who had no sister and survived the war living quite openily in the south of France. The Stein you refer to was Edith Stein who with her ssister Rosa were converts to Catholicism. Edith was a Carmelite nun and the order did send her from her convent in Cologne to one in Holland. She and her sister were deprted to Aushwitz from there. Their deportation, along with many other "non-Aryan" Catholics was a Nazi repsponse to a pastoral letter ordered to be read by Holland's bishops condemning in very strong terms Nazi anti-semitism and the deportations. The Nazis responded to this episcopal directive by no longer exempting non=Aryan Catholics who were then deported to the death camps. 3. There were hundreds of Catholic priests who risked their lives to save Jews, in all the occupied countires. I suggst you begin with the famous case of the priest in Namur, Belgium. Mention of many of the others can be found at Yad Vashem. Do your research before you shoot off your mouth with bullshit.
Yes.I confused Edith with Gertrude.But she was murdered together with her sister and a group of friends that converted together with her.The bottom line is that her order did not protect them...As for maximilian kolbe,he was the editor of an antisemitic paper and the story of the lover is correct.Everybody has a family...
Your mentality is too riddled with anti-Catholic venom. If you read and understood, you will see that the Carmelite order transferred her to Holland before the occupation in order to remove her from the clutches of the Nazis. You also neglected the resposne of the Dutch bishops against Nazi racism, which is what caused Edith Stein to be deported along with other non-Aryan Catholics in Holland including the entire Loeb family fo preists and nuns. Get your facts straight and dont deluse us with your petty prejudices.
That is clear, and it cerrtainly had nothing to do with a male lover. His triangle was not pink.
It would go a long way to erase a terrible blot on the Catholic church. But I imagine more evidence is required.
The church needs to clear his name so they can make him a saint, therefore plenty of evidence will be 'discovered', I can assure you...
The American Jew Rabbi David Dalin wrote a book 'the myth of Hitlers Pope' which is a fundamental analysis of all historical evidences and comes to the conclusion, that there was no institution in the world, which saved so many Jews as the Catholic Church below Pius XII. These evidences aren't new, but obviously not welcome to a prejudiced part of Jewish or Anti-Catholic agitators. The Church was no Authority to the hard core of Nazi ideology and therefore tried to make it's way without provocating the cruel and strong movement. It is not surprising, that contradictory behaviour was common and that diplomatic efforts and actions in the shade of secrecy were partly contradictory.