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Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk. (AP)
Last update - 00:00 07/04/2008
Polish PM: There is no Polish culture without Jewish culture
By Yossi Melman, Haaretz Correspondent
Tags: Auschwitz, Nazis, Poland 

WARSAW - "My family history, like that of many Polish, German and Jewish families from Central Europe in the 20th century, is complex," says Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk, who is due to begin an official visit to Israel on Tuesday. He is alluding to the fact that his grandfather was forced to serve in the Wehrmacht, Hitler's army, during World War II. In an interview with Haaretz, Tusk claims he did not know about his grandfather's past until his political rivals - twin brothers Lech and Jaroslaw Kaczynski - publicized it as part of their smear tactics during the 2005 election campaign.

Tusk's family, which comes from the Baltic Sea port city of Gdansk, belong to the Kashubian people, a Slav community influenced by both German and Polish traditions. The Nobel laureate Gunter Grass described their history well in his novel "The Tin Drum." The Germans sometimes saw them as Poles and Slavs, while the Poles were suspicious of their foreign-seeming language and customs. Tusk's grandfather, a railroad laborer, was arrested by the Nazis after the occupation of Poland and sent to two concentration camps. In 1944 he was forced into the Wehrmacht.

"My Kashubian family, like the Jews, are people who were born and live in border areas and were suspected by the Nazis and by the Communists of being disloyal."
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What are your personal feelings about this? Do you regret this part of your family's past?

"I have nothing to regret, it's my family's biography. As a historian and as a man, I prefer to know the painful truth over a pleasant lie. If there's one country that can be trusted to understand the complexity of history, it's Israel."

Not just a 'Jewish graveyard'

This will be Tusk's first visit to Israel, and the first visit by a Polish leader in nearly a decade.

"For anyone, and certainly to a Polish prime minister, a visit to Israel is important and special; my excitement is understandable. It's the Holy Land, the country that the whole world is interested in and it also has a deep connection to the special history of the relationship between Poles and the Jewish people."

Tusk, 51, is affable, with a ready smile. His visit will kick off Polish Year in Israel 2008-2009 with a sound and light show by two Polish artists on the facade of the Tel Aviv municipality building.

He says relations between the two countries are very good, so "on the face of it it is not a difficult visit. We have common interests and feelings and a long, complex history. Of course there's always room for improvement." One aspect of the improvement Tusk refers to is his desire for Israel to view Poland as more than what historians and politicians often term "the graveyard of the Jewish people."

"I'm not surprised, and I understand that for many Jews and Israelis Poland means Auschwitz, and they go there as on pilgrimage. I definitely understand the idea of the March of the Living. We Poles and my government don't seek to change that. It is a right and a duty to remember and not forget - and we must not minimize - the symbolism and the significance of Auschwitz.

"But other things can be added. The relationship between Poland and the Jews is centuries old. Poland was the homeland of various peoples, including the Jews. There is no Polish culture without Jewish culture. We want Israelis, especially the young, to experience this side."

What would you like to happen?

"Decisions must be made. Political will to vary the character of Israelis' visits to Poland is needed. My government is willing; we propose creating a joint mechanism or institution to deal with it. I hope that during my visit I will hear that Israel too is willing, and will demonstrate goodwill on the matter."

Why is this so important to Poland?

The Polish people was not partner to the Holocaust carried out by the Germans on Polish soil. We want awareness of this fact to be made public as much as possible in the entire world, and especially in Israel, but that is not the situation now. The key to change is in education and in cultivating the patience to learn history and to look at the truth, even when it's uncomfortable. We must take action so that Poles and Israelis will better understand our common history, the good and the bad."

Anti-Semitism and denial

Do you believe there is anti-Semitism in Poland?

"There are anti-Semites in Poland, but they are a minority, on the margins. But there is no public expression of anti-Semitism. If we do have an anti-Semitic minority it is painful to us and it more of a problem for we Poles than for the Jews. It is shameful that there are still people with this attitude. Anti-Semitism is of course an ugly thing but anti-Semitism after the Holocaust is evil. We are committed to fighting anti-Semitism and to extinguishing it once and for all. But if we compare Poland to other states in Europe, we have almost no anti-Semitic incidents and certainly no anti-Semitic attacks, at most we have people who are not smart and words that are not intelligent."

But in Poland there are expressions of Holocaust denial, like that voiced by Senator Ryszard Janusz Bender, who said that Auschwitz was a work camp, not a death camp, and claimed that the prisoners ate better than the Poles outside. And there are historians who are trying to rewrite history and anti-Semitic individuals connected with Radio Maryja, the Catholic nationalist station. What do you intend to do about this?

"Polish law is very clear on this. Denial of the Holocaust is illegal. The law is called the "Auschwitz-Lie law." Bender is an alien to me, politically, and I oppose his ideas. We try to fight such expressions but it's not easy. As a nation that opposed Communism and the Soviet Union we are attempting to draw the line between protecting freedom of expression on one hand and action against Holocaust deniers on the other. We have taken action against them in the past and I intend, together with the chief prosecutor, to take action against denial of the truth about the past."

Related articles:
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      1.   This omits an important factor 08:59  |  Colin Wright 07/04/08
      2.   The Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk is hippocratic 09:28  |  dovale 07/04/08
      3.   His grandfather wasn`t a nazi (member of Nazi Party) 09:35  |  Zvi 07/04/08
      4.   The children of the Irgun understand his problem 10:22  |  Chanalau, Tova 07/04/08
      5.   To Chanalau, Tova #4 11:26  |  dovale 07/04/08
      6.   History is complex 11:59  |  Sherlock Holmes 07/04/08
      7.   Answer to Colin Wright 12:03  |  Piotr Orzech 07/04/08
      8.   Dovale #5 12:34  |  Ari ben Yisrael 07/04/08
      9.   It`s Not Like Poles Would Love Him For It 12:36  |  dyinglikeflies 07/04/08
      10.   Sherlock Holmes,Jan Gross` book "Fear" tells another story 13:21  |  Absolute Sweden 07/04/08
      11.   @8, ari 14:00  |  vladimir 07/04/08
      12.   The fire starts at black slaves 14:23  |  Di 07/04/08
      13.   A LITTLE TRUTH 14:57  |  YITZHAK KALET 07/04/08
      14.   If You`re Polish Just Assume that Your Family Had a Nazi Past 16:15  |  MIKE 07/04/08
      15.   So what? 16:52  |  bobby 07/04/08
      16.   The Biggest Lie Continues 16:58  |  Daniel Stern 07/04/08
      17.   A common enough `dirty little secret." 16:59  |  Mark Lincoln 07/04/08
      18.   Poles did not run 17:04  |  Miransky 07/04/08
      19.   TOVA`s ABSURDITY 17:05  |  Daniel Stern 07/04/08
      20.   #16 Daniel the Liar Stern 18:45  |  Marcin 07/04/08
      21.   #19 Daniel Stern - can you read? 18:48  |  Marcin 07/04/08
      22.   what a heap of propaganda here on the forum... 19:08  |  Chris 07/04/08
      23.   TO #1 mR. wRIGHT 19:31  |  JEHIEL CHALEFF 07/04/08
      24.   @22 Chris of Warsaw, Poland 19:47  |  Zionist 07/04/08
      25.   THE NAIVETE AND FOOLISHNESS OF MARCIN 19:54  |  Daniel Stern 07/04/08
      26.   Sensationalism in Headline 19:58  |  H 07/04/08
      27.   NAIVETE AND FOOLISHNESS OF CHRIS 20:06  |  DAVID STERN 07/04/08
      28.   Daniel Stern`s comment. 20:16  |  sandra chitayat 07/04/08
      29.   daniel stern poland history 20:52  |  arthur 07/04/08
      30.   Daniel Stern 20:58  |  Chris 07/04/08
      31.   David #27 21:14  |  Chris 07/04/08
      32.   STERN IS CORRECT RE. POLISH JEW-HATING 21:22  |  B MEZRITCH 07/04/08
      33.   OK #30 21:24  |  Zionist 07/04/08
      34.   A man is not responsible for his grand/fathers sins 21:33  |  SA 07/04/08
      35.   Who cares abous Daniel Stern? 22:10  |  Jakub 07/04/08
      36.   "If there`s one country that can be trusted to understand ... 22:14  |  newageblues 07/04/08
      37.   #32 22:34  |  Chris 07/04/08
      38.   to Zionist, #32 22:48  |  Jakub 07/04/08
      39.   Polish Prime Minister 22:54  |  Alec 07/04/08
      40.   kielce 1946 23:09  |  arthur 07/04/08
      41.   Part 2 response to #3 ; There are number of factual errors 23:16  |  Max Zinger,P.Chimist 07/04/08
      42.   #29 Arthur, Its true that Poland was occupied and Germans treated 23:31  |  Max Zinger,P.Chimist 07/04/08
      43.   to #4 Chanalau, Tova 00:24  |  Ol 08/04/08
      44.   2 Chris, #22 00:37  |  Ol 08/04/08
      45.   2 Chris 00:42  |  Ol 08/04/08
      46.   To Jehiel, 23 00:44  |  Jakub 08/04/08
      47.   sandra chitayat @ 20 00:49  |  Chris #2 08/04/08
      48.   ARTHUR & JAKUB TOO FORGET 02:07  |  DAVID STERN 08/04/08
      49.   LIAR LIAR... 02:18  |  Miss Krakover 08/04/08
      50.   Arthur #40 02:23  |  Chris 08/04/08
      51.   Mezritch @ 32 02:59  |  Greg 08/04/08
      52.   Kielce 03:34  |  Greg 08/04/08
      53.   REPLY: a little truth 06:01  |  frank 08/04/08
      54.   Zionist @ 33 06:01  |  Greg 08/04/08
      55.   Jews worked for Germans too 06:18  |  j 08/04/08
      56.   to antisemitic Jews of Israel 12:12  |  Ewa 08/04/08
      57.   Dear Mr Stern 14:32  |  slavo 08/04/08
      58.   to David Stern (and others...) 14:55  |  Justine 08/04/08
      59.   to David Stern 2 14:56  |  Justine 08/04/08
      60.   to Ol 14:58  |  Justine 08/04/08
      61.   Mike:If you`re American assume that your family owned slaves 15:03  |  Justine 08/04/08
      62.   @2, Dovale 15:32  |  Solange 08/04/08
      63.   STERN: Poland 1 18:39  |  arthur 08/04/08
      64.   Polish PM: There is no Polish culture without Jewish culture 20:05  |  Son of camp inmate 08/04/08
      65.   THE EMMIS 23:03  |  H. BEN -DOR 08/04/08
      66.   stern: poland2 23:03  |  arthur 08/04/08
      67.   to H.Ben-Dor - you`re wrong even with the source 01:16  |  Justine 09/04/08
      68.   Oh, as usual so many Jewish Pole-haters & historical ignorants 03:00  |  bored Pole 09/04/08
      69.   re. justine. 03:58  |  moisha kapoi 09/04/08
      70.   Unfair critisism of Polish people 04:18  |  Gil 09/04/08
      71.   Mr Smarty Pants @ 65 05:10  |  Greg 09/04/08
      72.   Why so interested in Jewish culture now... 07:55  |  PK 09/04/08
      73.   Max zinger : germans were... harsh? 12:03  |  arthur 09/04/08
      74.   to Moisha Kapoi - no and no... 14:54  |  Justine 09/04/08
      75.   PM of Poland in Israel 17:16  |  Paul 09/04/08
      76.   jewish culture is fascinating,humour great 17:25  |  arthur 09/04/08
      77.   But even those "few" 18:50  |  Izaak 09/04/08
      78.   to PK - how is this suppose to bolster Polish economy? 19:49  |  Justine 09/04/08
      79.   Generalplan Ost - To Daniel Stern 20:12  |  Miroslaw 09/04/08
      80.   Justine re msg 58 20:26  |  ericnave 09/04/08
      81.   Jews and Poland 20:30  |  Paul 09/04/08
      82.   Jewish - Polish history book 21:11  |  Jack 09/04/08
      83.   I feel very sad - 1 23:56  |  AnnaCz 09/04/08
      84.   I feel very sad - 2 23:58  |  AnnaCz 09/04/08
      85.   I feel very sad - 3 00:00  |  AnnaCz 10/04/08
      86.   I feel very sad - 4 00:00  |  AnnaCz 10/04/08
      87.   Every nation has its sins 00:07  |  Jerzy 10/04/08
      88.   Help - Baker from Zhuprany (10 km east of Oshmiany)?! 02:25  |  AnnaCz 10/04/08
      89.   Can`t we all just get along? 04:14  |  Brzeczyszczykiewicz 10/04/08
      90.   Polish PM 05:20  |  Jason 10/04/08
      91.   Jason @ 90 07:50  |  Greg 10/04/08
      92.   Brzeczyszczykiewicz @ 89 08:01  |  Greg 10/04/08
      93.   hated the Polish , but did not hate the Germans 08:45  |  Jack 10/04/08
      94.   to Jack 14:41  |  Justine 10/04/08
      95.   Re: Jewish - Polish history book 16:18  |  Stanislas 10/04/08
      96.   Re: hated Poles but not Germans 16:35  |  Stanislas 10/04/08
      97.   To "Stanislas" (should be Stanislaw) 19:42  |  Jack 10/04/08
      98.   To Justine 20:07  |  Jack 10/04/08
      99.   Stanislas 21:24  |  Greg 10/04/08
      100.   to Stanislaw 01:43  |  Justine 11/04/08
      101.   and one more thing Stanislas 05:11  |  Justine 11/04/08
      102.   Tusk i Israel 09:19  |  Henry Adams 11/04/08
      103.   To Henry 17:50  |  Jack 11/04/08
      104.   Jack re msg 93 22:19  |  ericnave 11/04/08
      105.   Polish PM is a Jew! 17:30  |  Srul 12/04/08
      106.   Dziadek unaware 16:48  |  Gary Schroeder 18/04/08
      107.   henry Adams 10:36  |  sweis Melbourne 30/04/08
      108.   Poliah Jews 02:46  |  Michael Keats 11/12/08
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