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Professor Eshel Ben-Jacob and Dr. Itay Baruchi seen at Tel Aviv University. (Nir Kafri)
Last update - 09:44 17/12/2007
Israeli research among '50 most significant scientific breakthroughs in 2007'
By Ofri Ilani, Haaretz Correspondent
Tags: science, memory, Israel 

A groundbreaking discovery in the field of artificial intelligence, conducted by two Tel Aviv University academics, and Israeli research into treating Parkinson's disease, have been selected as among the past year's greatest advancements in science by a top U.S. periodical.

Scientific American magazine placed Professor Eshel Ben-Jacob and Dr. Itay Baruchi's creation of a type of organic memory chip on its list of the year's 50 most significant scientific discoveries.

In their research, the Israeli academics used nerve cells taken from rodents, and managed to create a simple method that simulates how information or memories are stored in humans and animals. Scientists hope that their work could lead to the development of computers that will be able to think creatively. Another Tel Aviv University researcher, Professor Beka Solomon, was also listed by Scientific American for her research in treating Parkinson's disease. "Computers that exist today are passive," Ben-Jacob explained. "You run a program and everything goes according to what is already input. In contrast, when a person undertakes a task you know he is going to use his personal judgment in accordance to circumstances that may develop."
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For their research, Ben-Jacob and Baruchi mixed millions of neurons - nerve cells from the brain stems of rats - and created a type of "brain in a Petri dish." They then cast the fluid neurons evenly over an array of electrodes so that they could record their electrical signatures and the interaction of the neurons.

Neurons communicate with one another by electrically charged pulses. Each cell receives signals from many other neurons and reacts by creating their own. To the researchers' surprise, the communication between the neurons was not random, but adhered to specific structures that repeated themselves. Chemical stimulation caused certain electrical reactions, and this repeated itself.

"This dish has millions of neurons that can be imagined as millions of people each sending each other SMS messages," Ben-Jacob said. "Each person is connected to 100,000 others; each second he is sending a message to 100,000 people and receiving messages from 100,000 people. When we applied a certain chemical, neurons began to send messages in specific routes; independent correlation and synchronization between the cells developed. We can make the cells communicate in certain patterns that we control, and that is, in essence, memory."

What is the memory that the rodents' cells store? According to Ben-Jacob, the simple lab-created memories are not specific like those of humans. "The system does not remember 'father' or 'mother,' it is not a concrete memory. But here we have a module of inter-cell communication that can be used to create a module that carries meaning." Ben-Jacob's and Baruchi's findings have already improved scientists understanding of how the thought process occurs and memories are stored in the brain. They hope that in a relatively short time, their neurons system will be used in other experiments, such as checking how medications affect the brain.

In the distant future, they hope to achieve much more ambitious and far-reaching goals: Connecting between a regular computer and a network of neurons, creating a biological computer. Such a computer will be entirely different from today's static computers. It will identify senses, interact with its surroundings and even make independent decisions. In effect, the computer will have an autonomous brain with which it will function harmoniously.

"The dream is to create a system that on the one hand you can control, and on the other will still surprise, it will know how to improve itself and do things you had not programmed it in advance," Ben-Jacob said. "These hybrid computers won't look like laptops, but will be made-up of chips with different capabilities from computers" Ben-Jacob stressed Baruchi's importance to the research. "It's his project," he said. "Itay took a chance, chose a revolutionary subject and researched it while having to work for a living. Nowhere in the world are there such students."

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      1.   Israel is Awesome! 06:07  |  Gina 17/12/07
      2.   Figure out the results from such minds if they 06:25  |  Joseph E . 17/12/07
      3.   while having to work for a living 06:52  |  Dan 17/12/07
      4.   The World Fund Fatah-Hamas Instead of these 3 Brillants Minds 08:22  |  Joseph E . 17/12/07
      5.   And this is the only reason Russian and German wants the Jews bac 09:40  |  e.m 17/12/07
      6.   what about the strike 09:50  |  student 17/12/07
      7.   Israeli research. 10:01  |  David Nigel Braham 17/12/07
      8.   # 1 Gina 10:11  |  Joseph E . 17/12/07
      9.   My Computer ALREADY has a " mind" of its own 10:25  |  Klaudia 17/12/07
      10.   We`re proud of you and your staff as well 10:26  |  Margie in Tel Aviv 17/12/07
      11.   For Joseph E, who might enjoy reading Thomas Gray # 4 11:10  |  Clickfool 17/12/07
      12.   #9: Many bugs are artificially-created marketing tools 11:47  |  Global Citizen 17/12/07
      13.   This is not the council-for-higher-education... 12:05  |  Esther 17/12/07
      14.   #13 Esther............ A few questions 12:34  |  Ari ben Yisrael 17/12/07
      15.   AM YISROEL CHAI.despite haters past and present 12:48  |  PETER SM 17/12/07
      16.   Slow News Day, Amen! 12:58  |  FOX 17/12/07
      17.   Congratulations! 13:00  |  Conroy 17/12/07
      18.   Animal rights activists should seriously investigate the 13:07  |  lakshmi 17/12/07
      19.   clickstupid is jealous 13:07  |  goldenberg 17/12/07
      20.   #11 Clicfool 13:07  |  Sarah 17/12/07
      21.   While Israel revolutionises ways to save lives, Palis destroy... 13:19  |  Nannette 17/12/07
      22.   Clickfool, Pal education 13:33  |  FOX 17/12/07
      23.   Clickfool the anti-semite 13:35  |  Nik "Banned" Miller 17/12/07
      24.   #11 13:39  |  Moshe 17/12/07
      25.   Can We Send Some Artificial Inteligence To Talkbackers Keyboards? 13:39  |  dyinglikeflies 17/12/07
      26.   Maybe that`s why Israel wants Russians 13:40  |  Tim 17/12/07
      27.   LAKSHMI .Even by your standards that`s a seriously 13:42  |  PETER SM 17/12/07
      28.   #19 13:45  |  Moshe 17/12/07
      29.   For Goldenberg, who thinks I am jealous # 17 13:46  |  Clickfool 17/12/07
      30.   CFOOL Hamas announced AGAIN yesterday they would NEVER recognise 13:49  |  PETER SM 17/12/07
      31.   goldenberg, `clickstupid`, & trolls... 13:56  |  Stan 17/12/07
      32.   Clickfool is not jealous! 14:12  |  Nik "Banned" Miller 17/12/07
      33.   18contd.,the cries,squeals and screams of those unfortunate 14:22  |  lakshmi 17/12/07
      34.   dYINGLIKEFLIES, regarding Clicky 14:24  |  FOX 17/12/07
      35.   29: CF provides ever more enjoyment 14:26  |  David Teich 17/12/07
      36.   Lackshmi , RAT STEAKS. 14:31  |  FOX 17/12/07
      37.   Tim, nice thought but #26 14:35  |  FOX 17/12/07
      38.   What a dreadful liar you are, Stan # 31 14:38  |  Clickfool 17/12/07
      39.   Lackshmi you hypocrite 14:39  |  FOX 17/12/07
      40.   FOX Rat sanndwiches are available in Viet Nam as well 14:41  |  PETER SM 17/12/07
      41.   Thanks for the chuckle, David Teich # 35 14:45  |  Clickfool 17/12/07
      42.   PETER SM. Lackshmi`s negativity 15:02  |  FOX 17/12/07
      43.   FOX #22 On your misleading post re:education. 15:04  |  Hubal 17/12/07
      44.   #29 15:42  |  Moshe 17/12/07
      45.   The correct way to quantitize British and Israeli 15:52  |  17 17/12/07
      46.   Clickfool # 41 and and Nobels Awards 15:59  |  Eli 17/12/07
      47.   Klaudia, you have a bad day today 16:13  |  S 17/12/07
      48.   Yes #29 but then GRATEbrittin also produced 16:17  |  Ari ben Yisrael 17/12/07
      49.   Obviously, report put up and paid for by the mossad 16:21  |  Pssd off Arab 17/12/07
      50.   Conroy and the Philly Jewish community 16:22  |  Margie in Tel Aviv 17/12/07
      51.   Clickfool 16:26  |  Jasmine Murphy 17/12/07
      52.   Esther #13 I don`t believe you wrote that! 16:28  |  S 17/12/07
      53.   Conroy_ Go Eagles! Phillies! Sixers! Regards 16:35  |  Eli 17/12/07
      54.   pssd off Arab 16:40  |  markinlondon 17/12/07
      55.   3 Dan. Methinks thou goest too far... 16:42  |  bat yam 17/12/07
      56.   # 49 Pssd off Arab 16:45  |  17 17/12/07
      57.   Re Ari #14 16:48  |  Esther 17/12/07
      58.   good to see that `massive welfare` is leading to something other 16:50  |  truth 17/12/07
      59.   Re S #52 17:01  |  Esther 17/12/07
      60.   Jasmine Murphy_Check With Clickfool How Many 17:02  |  Eli 17/12/07
      61.   CHEESE ANYONE?? 17:07  |  STRANGELOVE 17/12/07
      62.   Clickfool (#29) Alexander Graham Bell - O that is nice 17:14  |  Gil 17/12/07
      63.   Re Click #11 17:22  |  Esther 17/12/07
      64.   Israels gifts to the world 17:24  |  Petra 17/12/07
      65.   29Shame on you clicky. The great British scientists you mentioned 17:25  |  another physicist 17/12/07
      66.   ClickFool (#29) Bell Again - O looky looky 17:28  |  Gil 17/12/07
      67.   Re Click #29 17:29  |  Esther 17/12/07
      68.   Esther#52, the informed. 17:31  |  S 17/12/07
      69.   Clickfool and Eli,Clickfool quite right in mentioning the British 17:35  |  lakshmi 17/12/07
      70.   For Gil in Haifa # 62 17:50  |  Clickfool 17/12/07
      71.   #29 Goldenberg, I agree with Clicky, he`s not jealous... 17:51  |  Conroy 17/12/07
      72.   Congratulations!!! Proud of you,The lights and 17:55  |  TOMY 17/12/07
      73.   #11 Clicky,Palestinian children? geneuses?? 18:03  |  TOMY 17/12/07
      74.   As was expected,Clicky,Ester,Global citizen 18:11  |  TOMY 17/12/07
      75.   BECAUSE ISRAEL GETS BEST EQUIPMENT AND KNOW-HOW FROM US 18:11  |  Drogba 17/12/07
      76.   Petra #64 Such vile racism 18:13  |  Hubal 17/12/07
      77.   # 72 TOMY 18:15  |  tbora 17/12/07
      78.   lakshmock,I missed you!!! You are here 18:22  |  TOMY 17/12/07
      79.   Hubal the fact remains 18:33  |  FOX 17/12/07
      80.   Congratulations, Israel....!!!! 18:39  |  Swiss (Dino) 17/12/07
      81.   #77 tbora,Do you concentrate on Pakistans 18:39  |  TOMY 17/12/07
      82.   #75 Drogba,Because they have the best minds 18:42  |  TOMY 17/12/07
      83.   S #68...couldn`t grasp the relevance of all that 18:43  |  Esther 17/12/07
      84.   zionists,Clickfool,Eli,65another physicist to Clickfool, 18:47  |  lakshmi 17/12/07
      85.   #58 untruth,Do you realy think, The Arabs 18:48  |  TOMY 17/12/07
      86.   i wish israeli brilliant scientists would use their time - 18:49  |  ivo 17/12/07
      87.   How hard some try to find negative in such 18:53  |  TOMY 17/12/07
      88.   # 80 - DINO - do not be too modest 18:54  |  17 17/12/07
      89.   congratgulations !!! 19:07  |  mehmet 17/12/07
      90.   Gina, thank you. 19:18  |  Jake 17/12/07
      91.   # 88 17 19:18  |  Swiss (Dino) 17/12/07
      92.   FOX. Still trying to take credit 19:18  |  Hubal 17/12/07
      93.   ivo right on neural sci argument 19:21  |  mehmet 17/12/07
      94.   Clickfool (#70) Don`t you know Newton was wrong? 19:27  |  Gil 17/12/07
      95.   Mehmet you are a gentleman 19:28  |  Margie in Tel Aviv 17/12/07
      96.   congratulations to these very brilliant scientists 19:33  |  Cipora Julianna Kohn 17/12/07
      97.   # 91 DINO "Too much wealth makes lazy" 19:34  |  17 17/12/07
      98.   experiments with animals 19:45  |  Kris 17/12/07
      99.   #29 Clickfool 20:00  |  Sarah 17/12/07
      100.   Animal experiments partially banned 20:02  |  Margie in Tel Aviv 17/12/07
      101.   # 97 17 "Lefty and wealth = cat and dog" 20:12  |  Swiss (Dino) 17/12/07
      102.   mehmet #93: the problem goes deeper than that - 20:18  |  ivo 17/12/07
      103.   Just don`t name the Organic Computer Adam 20:25  |  Efox 17/12/07
      104.   Need to provide computer brains for our enemies 20:26  |  Efox 17/12/07
      105.   re: Pssd off Arab 20:31  |  Efox 17/12/07
      106.   Clickfool Thomas Gray BS 20:34  |  MarkC 17/12/07
      107.   re: lakshmi 20:35  |  Efox 17/12/07
      108.   #98 Kris your statement is a blatant lie 20:40  |  Gabriel 17/12/07
      109.   #99 Sarah - What and when Disraeli said 20:46  |  Yonatan 17/12/07
      110.   86Ivo,well said,ofcourse,as you will see from my posts,I come at 20:50  |  lakshmi 17/12/07
      111.   DINO - would not it be too much to ask you to be "middly " 20:51  |  17 17/12/07
      112.   #98 Kris 20:55  |  Sarah 17/12/07
      113.   #53 Elli 20:57  |  Conroy 17/12/07
      114.   thenk you margie happy new year 20:59  |  mehmet 17/12/07
      115.   #110 lakshmi 21:06  |  Sarah 17/12/07
      116.   Conroy and Eli 21:08  |  Connie 17/12/07
      117.   # 111 17 "smart" and "middly" Israel = also like cat and dog 21:11  |  Swiss (Dino) 17/12/07
      118.   Israels contributions 21:13  |  Connie 17/12/07
      119.   Esther #83 21:22  |  S 17/12/07
      120.   lakshmi #110: we have to worry about both animals & humans now - 21:40  |  ivo 17/12/07
      121.   Great achievements indeed but... 21:50  |  adolfo e talpalar 17/12/07
      122.   Lakshmi _ I Am Not Into Stats. Just Correcting Faulty Ones 21:52  |  Eli 17/12/07
      123.   For Sarah # 99 21:54  |  Clickfool 17/12/07
      124.   For S #115 22:16  |  Esther 17/12/07
      125.   Animal experiments 22:19  |  Danite 17/12/07
      126.   Clickfool 22:19  |  Terry 17/12/07
      127.   Clickfool (#123) Who cares where that teife lived 22:21  |  Gil 17/12/07
      128.   Click@123 22:25  |  bytheway 17/12/07
      129.   # 107 Efox the racist 22:38  |  Mike the American 17/12/07
      130.   Hubal, a dark world 22:40  |  FOX 17/12/07
      131.   Mehmet, why you bomb Iraq? 22:45  |  FOX 17/12/07
      132.   This will make their day, eh? 23:00  |  Marabu 17/12/07
      133.   #123 Clickfool 23:26  |  Sarah 17/12/07
      134.   THIS KINDA Sums it up 23:28  |  PETER SM 17/12/07
      135.   # 108please read again where those neve cells came from: 23:30  |  Kris 17/12/07
      136.   scientists nowadays use bacteria and viruses 23:39  |  Kris 17/12/07
      137.   120Ivo& 115 Sarah,Ivo how true!the reductionist nature of all 23:41  |  lakshmi 17/12/07
      138.   Im living in the year 2007 23:50  |  Kris 17/12/07
      139.   To(29) Mr Clickfool..176 .Jewish Nobel Prize love you 23:54  |  The stupid ant 17/12/07
      140.   TO NO 1 GINA 23:59  |  DANNY. 17/12/07
      141.   To Kris (98)...Be happy, Mengele love you 00:02  |  The stupid ant 18/12/07
      142.   # 117 DINO - Unfortunately I am not fluent in Gibberish 00:06  |  17 18/12/07
      143.   TO NO 7. 00:06  |  DANNY. 18/12/07
      144.   # 140 oh I am happy, just 00:21  |  Kris 18/12/07
      145.   RESESRCH 00:32  |  The Teacher/Instruct 18/12/07
      146.   # 139 and how many of those 00:35  |  Kris 18/12/07
      147.   Joseph E 00:35  |  Gina 18/12/07
      148.   Why is Slowman so slow on Fridays? 00:42  |  Ofri Ilani 18/12/07
      149.   129 Mike the American.You are so right. These prizes were given 00:43  |  Pssd off Arab 18/12/07
      150.   Dear Tim, Jews are Jews, Russian, Israeli, Ameican, Canadian, we 00:43  |  Steve-NYC 18/12/07
      151.   # 125 Danite Amen !! 00:47  |  Swiss (Dino) 18/12/07
      152.   Jake -- thanks 00:50  |  Gina 18/12/07
      153.   Danny 01:01  |  Gina 18/12/07
      154.   #92 01:09  |  Moshe 18/12/07
      155.   Wisdom for Slowman the lazy bum 01:31  |  Ofri Ilani 18/12/07
      156.   lakshmi #137: science, humans etc - 01:36  |  ivo 18/12/07
      157.   #129 01:54  |  Moshe 18/12/07
      158.   Peter SM #134 02:10  |  Danite 18/12/07
      159.   Israeli research....... 02:54  |  mosh 18/12/07
      160.   Sorry Steve...reality is otherwise 03:15  |  Tim 18/12/07
      161.   # 1 Gina Israel is Awesome..AREN`T WE THE CLEVER ONES EH? 04:07  |  Kathy 18/12/07
      162.   Hi Kathy_ Yes I Read Your Post on The Other Thread 05:33  |  Eli 18/12/07
      163.   Clickfool 05:48  |  No fool 18/12/07
      164.   159 Nobel prizes despite numerus clausus,discrimation & virulent 05:49  |  PETER SM 18/12/07
      165.   lakshmi 05:54  |  animal 18/12/07
      166.   re: Mike the American 06:40  |  Efox 18/12/07
      167.   re: Pssd off Arab 06:41  |  Efox 18/12/07
      168.   ESTHER 06:50  |  Miriam Ashkelon 18/12/07
      169.   Kris #146_ Jews Can Not Compete With Your Intelligence 07:29  |  Eli 18/12/07
      170.   Peace dear Esther # 124 08:12  |  S 18/12/07
      171.   #138 little kris 08:42  |  Sarah 18/12/07
      172.   Kathy. tired out by being cleverer than the rest of us # 161 09:27  |  Clickfool 18/12/07
      173.   For "No Fool" # 163 09:30  |  Clickfool 18/12/07
      174.   All the riches of her colonies didn`t help the UK at all 09:43  |  Kris Kringle 18/12/07
      175.   TOO ALL THE JEALOUS ANTI-SEMITES. SHUT YOUR TRAPS! 10:25  |  don 18/12/07
      176.   Clickfool, armed with nothing 11:05  |  FOX 18/12/07
      177.   FOX behave yourself 11:44  |  mehmet 18/12/07
      178.   FOX#130 12:01  |  Hubal 18/12/07
      179.   For Don # 178 14:57  |  Clickfool 18/12/07
      180.   mehmet 16:00  |  MR 18/12/07
      181.   Clickfoo # 172 16:18  |  Eli 18/12/07
      182.   To Kris...Israeli Novel Prize winners 18:23  |  The stupid ant 18/12/07
      183.   #50 Margie 18:24  |  Conroy 18/12/07
      184.   # 9 Klaudia...WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO YOU? 18:36  |  Kathy 18/12/07
      185.   # 14 Ari ben Yisrael--re:Esther..MY POINTS EXACTLY 18:40  |  Kathy 18/12/07
      186.   Israeli research among `50 most significant scientific breakthrou 18:42  |  Beryl Gamse 18/12/07
      187.   # 29 JAEALOUS CLICKFOOL INDEED YOU ARE.SOUR GRAPES.. 18:46  |  Kathy 18/12/07
      188.   # 46 Eli...re:Clickfool..THANK YOU FOR YOUR RESPONSE TO THAT FOOL 18:53  |  Kathy 18/12/07
      189.   TO EVERYONE,FRIEND OR FOE.KUDOS TO OUR SCIENTISTS.. 19:02  |  Kathy 18/12/07
      190.   #175 Don, you`re talking to bozos 19:30  |  Conroy 18/12/07
      191.   # 175 donTOO ALL THE JEALOUS ANTI-SEMITES. SHUT YOUR TRAPS! 19:50  |  Kathy 18/12/07
      192.   # 182 The stupid ant...Israeli Novel Prize winners 19:57  |  Kathy 18/12/07
      193.   # 168 Miriam Ashkelon re: ESTHER 20:01  |  Kathy 18/12/07
      194.   # 145 The Teacher/Instruct..RESEARCH 20:12  |  Kathy 18/12/07
      195.   Israelis and Scientific discoveries 20:45  |  Eli 18/12/07
      196.   TO # 194 KATHY 00:21  |  The Teacher/Instruct 19/12/07
      197.   Klaudia #9 03:16  |  aj 19/12/07
      198.   #105 03:19  |  Plain Jane 19/12/07
      199.   Part 1;# 29 Clickfool you fool,I a chemist demolish your brag.. 07:26  |  Max Zinger,P.Chimist 19/12/07
      200.   A BRILLIANT RESPONSE - MUST READ!!! 08:27  |  Yoni 19/12/07
      201.   Er....Max Zinger....#199 09:15  |  Clickfool 19/12/07
      202.   @29 clicky 09:18  |  vladimir 19/12/07
      203.   Advice for Vladimir # 202 10:10  |  Clickfool 19/12/07
      204.   Mehmet #177 my hypocritical friend 12:40  |  FOX 19/12/07
      205.   # 5EM And this is the only reason they want the Jews back 13:54  |  Petra 19/12/07
      206.   #1 Gina YES! The hand of G-d IS upon Israel. 13:57  |  Petra 19/12/07
      207.   # 196 The Teacher/Instruct..THANKS.A SAMPLE OF OUR BRAINY JEWS.. 15:23  |  Kathy 19/12/07
      208.   @203, clicky, illiterate are you not me. 15:38  |  vladimir 19/12/07
      209.   Clickfool #201- When did you ever distinguish between Jews and 16:06  |  Dick Hertz 19/12/07
      210.   #185 GAWD Kathy keep away from Galut ONE 16:30  |  Ari ben Yisrael 19/12/07
      211.   # 210 Ari ben Yisrael..GAWD **WRONG THERE ARI.. 17:13  |  Kathy 19/12/07
      212.   Haaretz my post to Ari ben Yisrael #210 Put it out please.. 17:41  |  Kathy 19/12/07
      213.   # 207 Teacher/Instruct Addendum more Brilliant Jews.. 03:46  |  Kathy 20/12/07
      214.   Organic memory - the age of the Terminator 22:04  |  abd 21/12/07
      215.   re: abd 07:21  |  Efox 25/12/07
      216.   41: Clickfool and reading comprehension problems (2nd try) 14:35  |  David Teich 26/12/07
      217.   Clickfool#11 18:28  |  Mickey 15/11/08
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    01:04 Report suggests Obama press Israel over nuclear program
    02:51 Ceasefire shaky after western Negev struck by 17 missiles
    01:47 ANALYSIS / As Israel's leaders bicker, Hamas is calling the shots
    23:59 GA special feature / An online battle for Israel's legitimacy
    02:27 Amos Oz: New left-wing party will replace Labor
    04:51 Courts to perform secular conversions which bypass rabbinate
    05:35 UNRWA head in Gaza: Israel's policy strengthens extremists
    05:03 15 extended Bnei Menashe families from India allowed to immigrate
    05:22 State prosecutor rejects claims that police probe forced Olmert to resign as PM
    05:31 U.S. Internet site reveals Shin Bet chief candidate's name
    15:47 GA special report / Anti-graft group calls for suspension of UJC Israel chief
    22:40 Abbas calls Gaza blockade 'war crime' as UN closes food aid centers
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