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Facts in the air
By Bari Weiss
Tags: land of israel, Archeology 

Earlier this month, a young anthropology professor named Nadia Abu El-Haj received tenure at Barnard College, a division of Columbia University in New York. Unlike most academic promotions, which largely go unnoticed, her successful tenure bid was met with raucous jeers and cheers. Here was a victory for a "purveyor of hate," according to Paula Stern, the Barnard alumna who organized a campaign to deny El-Haj tenure. For her supporters, this marked a clear victory against the "New McCarthyism" - the alleged campaign now being waged against scholars who criticize Israel, particularly those of Arab descent.

It's all too easy to toss the news of El-Haj's tenure into the stew that is the ongoing battle over the state of Middle Eastern studies at universities today. But this is not just another round between the Zionists and the anti-Zionists. This is about the nature of truth, and the possibility of, well, facts themselves.

Sound hyperbolic? Consider El-Haj's 2001 work, "Facts on the Ground: Archaeological Practice and Territorial Self-Fashioning in Israeli Society" (University of Chicago Press), based on her doctoral thesis at Duke, and the only book upon which she was granted tenure. Its title is a tongue-in-cheek allusion to Moshe Dayan's post-1967 suggestion that Israel take de facto control of areas in the West Bank by purposefully building settlements there.
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In it, El-Haj argues that for decades Israeli archaeologists have literally created facts on the ground. To argue that people, rather than evidence, create archaeological fact, El-Haj is forced to abandon the methodology of science altogether. And this is precisely what she does. She explains her work as "rejecting a positivist commitment to scientific method." Instead, she works on the level of theory, within the frameworks of "post structuralism, philosophical critiques of foundationalism, Marxism and critical theory." These frameworks are united by a "commitment to understanding archaeology as necessarily political."

El-Haj is hardly the first to employ this approach. Perhaps its most powerful trailblazer was Edward Said, who argued in his landmark 1978 book "Orientalism," that when dealing with Asia, the West was necessarily politicized. Said alleged that even the most well-intentioned scholars, if they were Western, were Orientalists, actively constructing a mythical "Orient" out of their own political motivations as the exotic, feminized, other. For Said, there is no such thing as objectivity in scholarship, and those who claim to strive for it may well be the ones with the most to hide.

Said's approach quickly spiraled into nasty finger-pointing, in which he and his disciples accused seasoned scholars in the field of implicit political bias at best, and at worst, of harboring a kind of pervasive racism. With tremendous success, his book asserted that there is no such thing as truth or fact. Instead, there is only identity.

Now, consider imposing this rough framework on the field of archaeology in the land of Israel. Here we are not talking of novels or paintings with Middle Eastern themes. More than perhaps any other, this is a field based on physical objects dug out of the ground: potsherds, bits of wood, and, if you're lucky, foundations and walls of ancient buildings. And yet, to El-Haj, such hard physical evidence is in fact just as easily constructed as the theoretical Western conception of the East. She writes of Israeli archaeology: "At the most fundamental level, archaeology produced... and created the fact of an ancient Israelite/Jewish nation and nation-state rooted therein." Rather than taking existing evidence to create historical theories, El-Haj holds that the field of archaeology creates evidence itself. In her narrative, highly regarded Israeli archaeologists turn into nationalist robots, wielding bulldozers in a desperate effort to "create" evidence of a historic Jewish presence in the Land of Israel, where no such presence existed.

El-Haj spells out the contemporary implications of creating such facts on the ground. "The work of archaeology in Palestine/Israel is a cardinal institutional location for the ongoing practice of colonial nationhood, producing facts through which historical-national claims, territorial transformations, heritage objects, and historicities 'happen.'" Thus, the field of archaeology simply becomes one more theater for the project of "Jewish settler- colonial nation state-building."

By casting the whole of Israeli archaeology in this way, El-Haj grants herself permission to interpret Palestinian destruction of ancient artifacts as a legitimate form of "resistance." By "destroying the tomb [Joseph's Tomb in 2001], Palestinian demonstrators eradicated one 'fact on the ground.'" This is El-Haj's logic come full circle. Ancient artifacts are just as synthetic as pre-fab houses in the West Bank, thereby rendering the destruction of both equally justified, even heroic.

Let's be clear: Is it in the interest of today's Zionists to find evidence of an ancient Israelite kingdom in the Land of Israel? Of course. But recognizing such interest does not preclude the possibility of the application of fair, professional standards, and the ability of archaeologists, regardless of their ethnic group, to uphold them in good faith.

El-Haj's work does not remind readers of the need to be skeptical of the influence nationalism can have on the interpretation of archaeological facts. Instead, she has written a book condemning the notion of facts themselves. It is for this reason that those who care about the future of the veracity of facts - and not just the future of Israel - should take serious notice of her promotion.

Bari Weiss is a Dorot fellow living in Jerusalem.
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  1.   is the book subjective or is just applied to israel? 09:44  |  victor hardman 02/12/07
  2.   Nadia Abu El-Haj 09:56  |  George 02/12/07
  3.   ancient Israel itself is an invention, to a very large extent 10:57  |  Khalid 02/12/07
  4.   "Colonial nationhood" 11:21  |  Ex-Syrian Jew 02/12/07
  5.   @Khalid 11:33  |  Ralph 02/12/07
  6.   Khalid 11:38  |  David 02/12/07
  7.   Theory in practice 11:48  |  Daniel Hershtal 02/12/07
  8.   it wouldn`t matter so much if.... 12:28  |  malkizedek jethro 02/12/07
  9.   David in Toronto. You sound like an educated fellow. 12:32  |  Maureen Ann 02/12/07
  10.   The Failure of the Minimalist School 12:43  |  Ovadiah ben Avraham 02/12/07
  11.   however, many Israeli archaeologists are not religious 13:13  |  Uday 02/12/07
  12.   #8 mo and the khazars are mythical 13:27  |  victor hardman 02/12/07
  13.   I HAVE REALIZED THAT HA ARETZ IS THE WRONG NEWSPAPER FOR ME 13:30  |  H.Onestman 02/12/07
  14.   The "Great Davidic Empire" Strawman Argument 14:31  |  Ovadiah ben Avraham 02/12/07
  15.   If there are no facts then there is no Palestinian people 14:31  |  AA 02/12/07
  16.   promise to abraham:dan to beersheba.enough? 14:44  |  kdarla`omer king of 02/12/07
  17.   ARABS ARE MASTERS OF DISINFORMATION 15:07  |  Iskander 02/12/07
  18.   mdern Arabia itself is an invention, to a very large extent 15:12  |  Herbert Kaine 02/12/07
  19.   # 3 Kahalid 15:15  |  17 02/12/07
  20.   # 9 Maureen Ann - 15:18  |  17 02/12/07
  21.   The Minimalist - Traditionalist Controversy 15:26  |  Mark Lincoln 02/12/07
  22.   Khalid is a muhammedan 15:53  |  Johnny 02/12/07
  23.   George 15:55  |  sh 02/12/07
  24.   ovadiah ben avraham 16:05  |  avraham ben ya`akov 02/12/07
  25.   her attack isnt just against history, its against science 16:10  |  Copernicus 02/12/07
  26.   Lincoln: It was "Kadesh" not "Meggido" 16:17  |  Ovadiah ben Avraham 02/12/07
  27.   You are correct Ovadiah ben Avraham 16:55  |  Mark Lincoln 02/12/07
  28.   Manipulating archeological finds 17:04  |  Native 02/12/07
  29.   #21 facts, khazars, etc 17:05  |  Bob 02/12/07
  30.   Mark Lincoln # 21 Pharoah Ramses II 17:16  |  Jeff Northridge 02/12/07
  31.   Its in the History Stupd 17:25  |  Steve 02/12/07
  32.   from the people who brought you Mohammed Al-Dura 17:26  |  McQueen 02/12/07
  33.   Academia = meaningless jargon 17:29  |  McQueen 02/12/07
  34.   She has written a book condemning the notion of facts th 17:41  |  James 02/12/07
  35.   JEWISH SITES IN ARABIA 17:44  |  Iskander 02/12/07
  36.   The new BS 18:02  |  Danite 02/12/07
  37.   The new BS#2 18:05  |  Danite 02/12/07
  38.   Revisionism or Careerism 18:06  |  TT 02/12/07
  39.   don`t feel too bad mark lincoln 18:08  |  avraham ben yaakov 02/12/07
  40.   Mark Lincoln 18:10  |  Danite 02/12/07
  41.   Khazars and Jews- Greeks and Arabs 18:17  |  Danite 02/12/07
  42.   Muslims also destroyed Farsi history 18:17  |  Ethel 02/12/07
  43.   FARS IN THE AIR 18:18  |  LJF-CANADA 02/12/07
  44.   #34 James on Ilan Pappe 18:18  |  Ben Alofs 02/12/07
  45.   Prof. Nadia Abu El-Haj 18:18  |  Jeff Northridge 02/12/07
  46.   Avraham ben yaaov 18:32  |  Mark Lincoln 02/12/07
  47.   Biased subjectivity-existentialism 18:33  |  Ethel 02/12/07
  48.   Khalid 18:35  |  Danite 02/12/07
  49.   dr ben and ilan pappe are birds of afeather ideologically 18:37  |  victor hardman 02/12/07
  50.   Danite - it is clear 18:39  |  Mark Lincoln 02/12/07
  51.   Danite - what is important to myself 18:47  |  Mark Lincoln 02/12/07
  52.   Another antisemitic Arab "Academic"? Gee, that`s novel! 18:49  |  Jack Levine 02/12/07
  53.   lincoln-i was defending you,not gloating 18:55  |  a.b.y. 02/12/07
  54.   Mythology 18:57  |  Mark 02/12/07
  55.   Danite - 150 years of archeology 19:00  |  Mark Lincoln 02/12/07
  56.   Ethel - the arts of Archaeology and Histor 19:07  |  Mark Lincoln 02/12/07
  57.   Ben Alofs 19:07  |  James 02/12/07
  58.   Danite: The New BS 19:09  |  CHGODMK 02/12/07
  59.   Emotion vs. Reason 19:11  |  Ethel 02/12/07
  60.   Ethnic cleansing - I`m shocked shocked 19:15  |  Other Voices 02/12/07
  61.   Mark Lincoln 19:18  |  Danite 02/12/07
  62.   mark Lincoln #2 19:20  |  Danite 02/12/07
  63.   MarK Lincoln more on revisionists 19:26  |  danite 02/12/07
  64.   Lincoln: But Only Minimalists Have Ever Charged "Forgery" 19:29  |  Ovadiah ben Avraham 02/12/07
  65.   danite-yeah right 19:40  |  prove it 02/12/07
  66.   Misses the Point of the Palestinian Argument 19:43  |  ARTH 02/12/07
  67.   An interesting thesis,and probably not accurately reported here; 19:45  |  lakshmi 02/12/07
  68.   facts never matter 19:49  |  citizen zero 02/12/07
  69.   Columbia was once a great university 19:49  |  Sidney 02/12/07
  70.   . . . contd. and the British in India did not do that.They were 19:51  |  lakshmi 02/12/07
  71.   Are you kidding? 19:55  |  Immanuel 02/12/07
  72.   Ovadiah 19:56  |  Danite 02/12/07
  73.   Prove it, cand you read it? 20:00  |  danite 02/12/07
  74.   laksmi - there is no whatsoever archeological traces o 20:03  |  17 02/12/07
  75.   sh 20:12  |  George 02/12/07
  76.   #4 Ex-Syrian Jew - it was wrong, but doesn`t justify more of same 20:14  |  Rick 02/12/07
  77.   o.k danite-you win,teach me 20:24  |  humble pupil 02/12/07
  78.   # 3 Khalid...can`t spin the truth of finds 20:27  |  Lynn 02/12/07
  79.   # 76 Rick of Garland Texas 20:34  |  Lynn 02/12/07
  80.   # 11 Uday.. there is a wonderful program on 20:38  |  Lynn 02/12/07
  81.   #5 Ralph 20:42  |  Rick 02/12/07
  82.   # 43 LJF of Canada 20:43  |  Lynn 02/12/07
  83.   # 71 Immanuel...in other words 20:47  |  Lynn 02/12/07
  84.   Casting Pearls,,,,, 20:47  |  The Teacher/Instruct 02/12/07
  85.   #7 Daniel Hershtal Excellent, logical post 20:47  |  Rick 02/12/07
  86.   #25 Copernicus - excellent post 20:53  |  Rick 02/12/07
  87.   In Muslem world reality is meaningless 20:57  |  TOMY 02/12/07
  88.   danite and/or rightists-last question 20:59  |  meek non-inheritor 02/12/07
  89.   Bias in Archaeology 21:00  |  Martin 02/12/07
  90.   Practice what you preach, Ms. Weiss 21:03  |  Anti-Hypocrite 02/12/07
  91.   the ONLY fact on the ground is the black meteorite rock in Macca 21:13  |  el-Hajj 02/12/07
  92.   #50 Mark Lincoln - Archeology theories based on little evidence 21:13  |  Rick 02/12/07
  93.   Khalid. 21:20  |  Shalom 02/12/07
  94.   George Orwell - 1984 21:21  |  Boris 02/12/07
  95.   humble pupil 21:25  |  Danite 02/12/07
  96.   meek 21:28  |  Danite 02/12/07
  97.   #37 Danite - how do you know genealogy of the Pals? 21:42  |  Rick 02/12/07
  98.   "Of course", Ms Weiss? 21:49  |  Mark Marshall 02/12/07
  99.   humble pupil # 77 The Kingdom of Israel 21:59  |  Jeff Northridge 02/12/07
  100.   Arabs twist eveything 22:03  |  kia 02/12/07
  101.   Abu El-Haj is not the issue 22:12  |  Michael N 02/12/07
  102.   #79 Lynn - oversimplified but partly correct 22:14  |  Rick 02/12/07
  103.   # 88 meek noninheritor 22:19  |  Lynn 02/12/07
  104.   science is being murdered out in the open and its murders exulted 22:29  |  ralph 02/12/07
  105.   danite thank you for your time 22:39  |  meek and humble 02/12/07
  106.   25, copernicus, excellant post! 22:41  |  Yadu 02/12/07
  107.   meek non-inheritor # 88 Of Course Not 23:09  |  Jeff Northridge 02/12/07
  108.   #97 Rick, Palestinians were created in 1948 23:12  |  Bob 02/12/07
  109.   101Michael N. Ideology driven ignorance. 23:18  |  Rob 02/12/07
  110.   Khalid No 3 is an invention? 23:23  |  Briton 02/12/07
  111.   Danite, please answer your detractors 23:32  |  CHGODMK 02/12/07
  112.   History in the making 23:37  |  Jack 02/12/07
  113.   to Maureen Ann 23:45  |  Jack 02/12/07
  114.   The Dead Sea Scrolls prove her wrong 00:14  |  Vicky 03/12/07
  115.   101 minimalist or revisionist? 00:28  |  Bob 03/12/07
  116.   #102 Rick...hard to get into much else but simple 00:39  |  Lynn 03/12/07
  117.   Danite - Empire and claims of empire 00:39  |  Mark Lincoln 03/12/07
  118.   The uses of history 00:55  |  Mark Lincoln 03/12/07
  119.   Oh really??? 01:15  |  Webster 03/12/07
  120.   Khalid-# 3-If ancient Israel is an invention 01:19  |  Daniel Leopold 03/12/07
  121.   #114 Vicky 01:22  |  Chris Linthwaite 03/12/07
  122.   #18 modern yet backward Arabia, Mr. Kaine 01:25  |  hala 03/12/07
  123.   george 2 01:26  |  realism 03/12/07
  124.   To Khalid #3 01:30  |  Otto Rand 03/12/07
  125.   #109 Rob 01:37  |  Ideology 03/12/07
  126.   #37 Danite and the new taurian excrement 01:40  |  hala 03/12/07
  127.   Please note 01:47  |  Mark Lincoln 03/12/07
  128.   #37 Danite and taurian excrement #2 01:49  |  hala 03/12/07
  129.   #115 Bob 01:51  |  Michael N 03/12/07
  130.   A indisputable example of forgery 01:52  |  Mark Lincoln 03/12/07
  131.   #108 Bob Confusing names with people`s existence - 1 of 5 01:56  |  Rick 03/12/07
  132.   #108 Bob people`s existence - 2 of 5 01:57  |  Rick 03/12/07
  133.   So what Kahlid? 01:57  |  Mark Lincoln 03/12/07
  134.   #108 Bob Pal`s existence - 3 of 5 01:58  |  Rick 03/12/07
  135.   Pal`s existence - 4 of 5 01:58  |  Rick 03/12/07
  136.   #108 Bob Pal`s existence - 5 of 5 01:59  |  Rick 03/12/07
  137.   #39 avraham ben yakov and mark lincoln re megiddo 02:00  |  hala 03/12/07
  138.   David Leopold 02:06  |  Mark Lincoln 03/12/07
  139.   Daniel Leopold # 120 You Almost Had Me Worried 02:06  |  Jeff Northridge 03/12/07
  140.   74, 17 sorry but there are at least a hundred plus philistine 02:12  |  lakshmi 03/12/07
  141.   #42 Ethel and the destruction of history 02:13  |  hala 03/12/07
  142.   Maureen Ann,greetings,and Khalid,there is a very interesting 02:19  |  lakshmi 03/12/07
  143.   Mark Lincoln-#138 02:22  |  Daniel Leopold 03/12/07
  144.   #116 Lynn - what "fictional treatise"? 02:23  |  Rick 03/12/07
  145.   Rick please read the posts 02:24  |  Danite 03/12/07
  146.   Meek and humble 02:27  |  danite 03/12/07
  147.   Chris Linthwaite-#-121 02:29  |  Daniel Leopold 03/12/07
  148.   Have any of you actually read this book? 02:30  |  Tarik 03/12/07
  149.   Rick 02:33  |  LL 03/12/07
  150.   hala........... and the Israelis as well 02:33  |  Lynn 03/12/07
  151.   Mark Lincoln 02:33  |  Danite 03/12/07
  152.   125 Ideology: You contradict yourself. Checkmate! 02:35  |  Rob 03/12/07
  153.   hala 02:36  |  sweis Melbourne 03/12/07
  154.   hala 02:38  |  Danite 03/12/07
  155.   Is there a serious response anywhere in this thread? 02:38  |  Colin Wright 03/12/07
  156.   hala 02:40  |  Danite 03/12/07
  157.   Rick 02:40  |  Miles 03/12/07
  158.   #118 Mark Lincoln - so true 02:42  |  Rick 03/12/07
  159.   hala#3 02:43  |  Danite 03/12/07
  160.   To Mark Lincoln #138 02:43  |  Otto Rand 03/12/07
  161.   Mark Lincoln 02:44  |  Clive 03/12/07
  162.   132Rick, so the millions of Jews from Arab countries should have 02:51  |  Rob 03/12/07
  163.   Interesting 02:59  |  Colin Wright 03/12/07
  164.   Suggested reading 02:59  |  Danite 03/12/07
  165.   129Michael N, You conveniently ignored my post #109 03:02  |  Rob 03/12/07
  166.   well if not him then 03:06  |  darwish 03/12/07
  167.   Irony or plain stupidity.... 03:18  |  Shalom 03/12/07
  168.   Rick # Various Posts The "Palestinians" 03:19  |  Jeff Northridge 03/12/07
  169.   131, Rick contradicting statements 1 03:30  |  Bob 03/12/07
  170.   131, Rick contradicting statements 2 03:43  |  Bob 03/12/07
  171.   ethel 7 03:56  |  realism 03/12/07
  172.   sidney 69 03:59  |  realism 03/12/07
  173.   135, 136 Rick 04:02  |  Bob 03/12/07
  174.   daniel leopold 124 04:04  |  realism 03/12/07
  175.   #166 I read his book 04:13  |  Bob 03/12/07
  176.   #113 Jack. Spiritual DNA... 04:17  |  Maureen Ann 03/12/07
  177.   #80 Simcha, such a joy! 04:25  |  hala 03/12/07
  178.   Rick - Land Claims 04:33  |  Aussie 03/12/07
  179.   #107 Jesus a Palestinian 04:35  |  hala 03/12/07
  180.   #142 lakshmi. 04:38  |  Maureen Ann 03/12/07
  181.   #108 Bob and the barren land of Palestine 04:41  |  hala 03/12/07
  182.   To Danite #164 04:42  |  Otto Rand 03/12/07
  183.   #154 absorbed Canaanites 04:45  |  hala 03/12/07
  184.   #168 Those who came from surrounding regions 04:56  |  hala 03/12/07
  185.   #149 I assume immigration is involved - so What? 04:59  |  Rick 03/12/07
  186.   # 144 Rick...my basic statement was concerning 05:10  |  Lynn 03/12/07
  187.   #157 Miles - I agree 05:33  |  Rick 03/12/07
  188.   Maureen Ann -- How confused are you? 05:46  |  bbl 03/12/07
  189.   179Hala, The difference, there are no KMT today and 06:00  |  Rob 03/12/07
  190.   #162 - Germany comment ironic 06:02  |  Rick 03/12/07
  191.   181Hala 1923 is not 19th century 06:04  |  Rob 03/12/07
  192.   168Hala 1.5 mln Jews were displaced from Arab lands 06:20  |  Rob 03/12/07
  193.   #165 Rob- too juvenile 06:23  |  Michael N 03/12/07
  194.   hala # 179 Interesting Question 06:24  |  Jeff Northridge 03/12/07
  195.   Facts in the Air 06:25  |  Walid 03/12/07
  196.   Natural rights of people 06:25  |  Ethel 03/12/07
  197.   darwish-#166-The Bible unearthed 06:26  |  Daniel Leopold 03/12/07
  198.   #168 Jeff - Interesting but irrelevant 06:26  |  Rick 03/12/07
  199.   Are the Pals from Greece? 06:34  |  Ethel 03/12/07
  200.   Homes lost in the Holocaust 06:45  |  Ethel 03/12/07
  201.   hala 06:50  |  danite 03/12/07
  202.   Maureen Ann-# 142- extreme left or extreme right ? 06:50  |  Daniel Leopold 03/12/07
  203.   hala ps 06:51  |  danite 03/12/07
  204.   190Rick Pal Grand Mufti was with Hitler all of WWII, 06:53  |  Rob 03/12/07
  205.   hala #184 06:53  |  Danite 03/12/07
  206.   #169 Bob 07:01  |  Rick 03/12/07
  207.   #170 Bob - Read more carefully 07:17  |  Rick 03/12/07
  208.   Natural rights 07:36  |  Ethel 03/12/07
  209.   193Rob Interpretations abound, dates are not so flexible. 07:42  |  Rob 03/12/07
  210.   #173 Bob - Please be calm & provide sources 07:52  |  Rick 03/12/07
  211.   Escaped lands of Hitler and Stalin 07:53  |  Ethel 03/12/07
  212.   #204 Bob - I learn by reading named sources - Why don`t you? 08:04  |  Rick 03/12/07
  213.   Rick # 198 Philistines? No Way 08:05  |  Jeff Northridge 03/12/07
  214.   Rob - Sorry about getting your name wrong 08:11  |  Rick 03/12/07
  215.   #181 gp and colonising a word not invented by zionists 08:12  |  victor hardman 03/12/07
  216.   George 08:16  |  sh 03/12/07
  217.   all on a tangent 08:26  |  sweis Melbourne 03/12/07
  218.   Creative History 101 prerequisite: be an ayrab 08:29  |  Mark 03/12/07
  219.   #210 Jeff Northridge - You`re probably right 08:33  |  Rick 03/12/07
  220.   Victor hardmann 08:55  |  kiwi girl 03/12/07
  221.   two sides to every coin; she`s both wrong and right 09:37  |  eric 03/12/07
  222.   212,214Rick The Mufti was in Hitler territory all WWII. 09:45  |  Rob 03/12/07
  223.   #189 And the Copts? Ask them! 10:08  |  hala 03/12/07
  224.   #191 Rob, I did not say that 1923 is 19th c. 10:26  |  hala 03/12/07
  225.   #192 Rob, why were they not displaced before? 10:31  |  hala 03/12/07
  226.   #189 Palestine was one of the names for the region, never Rome 10:39  |  hala 03/12/07
  227.   #199 Please, Ethel, drop the "antisemitic" bromide 10:49  |  hala 03/12/07
  228.   #200 Ethel, I am very disappointed in the Greeks 11:00  |  hala 03/12/07
  229.   #205 So why do only Israelites claim to have Holy Land genes? 11:11  |  hala 03/12/07
  230.   Where is the Palestinian evidence? 11:14  |  Michael Jacobs 03/12/07
  231.   Mark Lincoln,I think the point Khalid was making is that since 12:14  |  lakshmi 03/12/07
  232.   ARCHAEOLOGISTS FAILED TO FIND LINKS TO JEWS IN HOLYLAND 12:55  |  Eric 03/12/07
  233.   Inventing archaeological `stuff` is the name of the game 12:56  |  Steve 03/12/07
  234.   You can fool some people some time 13:06  |  Amitai 03/12/07
  235.   TRUTH: NO EVIDENCE OF ANCIENT ISRAELITE KINGDOM IN PALESTINE 13:10  |  Marcel 03/12/07
  236.   Biblical Archaeologt Today 00:16  |  Prof Yossi Garfinkel 04/12/07
  237.   Al Haj is no scholar. 08:56  |  Kattey Wagar 20/12/07
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