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Last update - 00:00 26/09/2006
The law as roadkill on Highway 443
By Akiva Eldar
Tags: Israel, Palestinians 

Click here for more articles by Akiva Eldar

The masses of Israelis who regularly travel to Jerusalem via Modi'in are familiar with the large cement cubes near the signs that indicate the approach roads to the Palestinian villages on either side of the main road known as Highway 443. Anyone who bothers to look to the sides will be able to see, beyond the cubes, at the side of the ride, cars bearing Palestinian Authority license plates. Those who have sharp eyes will be able to descry the passengers climbing up and down the hills.

Few are aware that for six years now, ever since the outbreak of the intifada, the highway has been serving Israelis only. Palestinians are forbidden to travel even along the segment that is nine and a half kilometers long and passes through West Bank territory, including lands that have been confiscated and where trees have been cut down "for public needs." Israel Defense Forces soldiers ensure that only lucky people who have been granted a temporary permit can enjoy the shortcut.
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Now it emerges that there is no order that can give legal validity to discrimination among travels according to nationality. In reply to a question from Haaretz, the IDF Spokesman has confirmed that "in light of the many security risks and threats to traffic on Highway 443 in recent years, it was decided in the Israel Defense Forces Central Command to close several approach roads that connect directly from the village expanse to the highway." At the same time, the spokesman stresses that "no order has been issued that prohibits travel on the highway," and in any case, "there is no prohibition on the part of the IDF regarding Palestinian traffic on the segment of the highway located in the territories of the Judea and Samaria [West Bank] area." Nevertheless, in the same statement in which it is claimed that "there is no prohibition regarding Palestinian traffic on the Palestinian segment of the road," it is also stated that because of the security risks, some of the approach roads that link the villages to the highway are closed "permanently."

According to the statement, some of the other roads are open and "are closed in accordance with the assessment of the security situation."

Attorney Limor Yehuda of the Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRI), who is preparing a petition to the High Court of Justice on the matter, sees the situation differently. According to her, most of the roads are usually closed, and from time to time special permission to use the road is given to a limited number of cars. Some of the approach roads have been blocked with boulders, others with concrete barriers, and there are those that have been closed with iron gates. A Palestinian driver who is caught on the road can expect a lengthy delay, a warning and a scare, and sometimes even the confiscation of the keys to the vehicle and also harsher sanctions. Last May ACRI applied to the GOC Central Command, Yair Naveh, on behalf of the heads of the village councils of Beit Sira, Beit Likiyeh, Hirbet al-Masbah, Beit 'Ur al Tahta, Beit 'Ur al Fuqa and Tsaffeh. Yehuda noted that Highway 443 is the main approach road that links the 25,000 inhabitants of the six villages to the main city in the area, Ramallah, and serves as a link among these villages.

A month later people from the Civil Administration came to the village of Beit Sira and proposed to the council head, 'Ali Abu Tsafya, that transit permits be granted to a number of taxi owners from the village. He insisted that the highway be opened to all of the inhabitants of the village, as had been the case in the past. The visitors promised to organize a meeting with one of the responsible senior officers. Since then no one has called and Major General Naveh has not replied to the letter.

Yehuda wrote that following the blockage of the approach to the highway, the inhabitants have had to use back roads, some of them dirt roads, that pass through the villages and wind through the narrow lanes. As a result of this, trips in the area have become prolonged, dangerous and costly. Instead of a trip of a quarter of an hour in comfortable conditions on Highway 443 from the village of Beit Sira to Betunya and from there to Ramallah, the inhabitants have to wind their way along dirt roads that become impassable on winter days. The cost of the trip has more than doubled and many of the inhabitants of the villages are unable to bear the costs.

This is not a matter of preventing Palestinians from entering territories on the Israeli side of the Green Line (the pre-Six Day War border), but rather of a road that is located entirely in the area of the West Bank. At the two entrances to the territory of the state of Israel there are roadblocks that are permanently manned by soldiers (the Maccabim roadblock and the Atarot Junction roadblock). When lands of the six villages were confiscated in the 1980s and the 1990s, it was explained to the inhabitants that widening the road was essential for the needs of the inhabitants of the entire area. Including their needs, of course. In response to the petition to the High Court of Justice concerning the confiscation of lands for purposes of paving a road in the Ramallah area, the state argued that the planning "took into account the conditions and needs of the area and not only Israel's conditions and needs." Based on that principled commitment, Justice Aharon Barak rejected the petition in September 1983, and issued a ruling in principle that the rules of international public law grant the right to a military government to infringe on property rights if a number of conditions are fulfilled. The first of these conditions: "The step is taken for the benefit of the local population."

Gal-On has a peace plan

It has been accepted in Meretz that its chairman, MK Yossi Beilin, holds the portfolio for Israel's peace plan and that the faction chair, MK Zahava Gal-On, is responsible for the Palestinian civil rights portfolio. Gal-On apparently believes she must prove that everything Beilin can do, she can do equally well.

The veteran Knesset member has prepared a new diplomatic plan for settling the conflict with the Palestinians. Gal-On is basing herself, inter alia, on a number of ideas that have been circulating in recent years in research institutes in Israel and abroad. The (provisional) name of the initiative is "An Action Plan for Leaving the Territories." It includes the precedent of an international force. Those who want to can find in the plan hints at the Arab League's initiative to involve the United Nations Security Council in the Israeli-Palestinian channel as well.

The draft plan relies on a basic assumption that the Israeli interest necessitates initiating a plan for leaving the territories by means of a common front with the UN, the United States, Europe, the Quartet and the moderate Arab states. Gal-On is proposing that sovereignty in the territory be transferred initially to a trusteeship that would operate by means of a multinational task force. It would receive its mandate from the Security Council for three to five years. During that period, negotiations between the sides would be held in an effort to reach an agreement on the establishment of a Palestinian state upon the termination of the task force's mandate. A condition for this would be the cessation of terror and attacks and the recognition of the State of Israel and its right to security. The Quartet would supervise the implementation of the international trusteeship, in partnership with representatives of the sides to the conflict.

An international force would enter the territories evacuated by the IDF and stand between the Palestinian and Israeli populations. The force would take responsibility for the rehabilitation of the civil systems in the Palestinian Authority, would see to the prevention of the collapse of the social services in the territories and establish the building of a stable civil, social and economic infrastructure for the state-to-be. The task force would also serve as liaison between Israel and the Palestinians. Other principles of the plan are:

- The Israeli withdrawal from the territories will be carried out on the basis of the agreements detailed in the Geneva Initiative, the Clinton outline and the The People's Voice.

- The solution in Jerusalem will be based on the principle that Jewish neighborhoods remain in Israel's hands. In the interim, a separation will be implemented between civil responsibility and sovereignty. Civil responsibility in the neighborhoods of East Jerusalem will be transferred to the task force whereas the sovereignty will remain in Israel's hands. The negotiations on sovereignty will be part of the negotiations on an agreement that will end the conflict.

- Israel will evacuate the Jewish settlements and the outposts.

- International forces will be stationed on the border and at the border-crossing points between Israel and the PA.

- Police forces provided by the international force or under its supervision and responsibility will be responsible for maintaining order in the territories of the PA itself and for the prevention of hostile acts toward Israel.

- Israel will transfer the economic responsibility for the PA territories and the tax-collecting services for them to the trusteeship.

- The international task force will prepare the infrastructures and the mechanism that will enable the implementation of the permanent status agreement and the supervision of it after the trusteeship period.
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  1.   As Long As The Arabs Keep Throwing Molotov Cocktails/Stones There 11:00  |  Yishai Kohen 26/09/06
  2.   --yawwwwwn-- 11:06  |  henry 26/09/06
  3.   443 - A history of bloodshed (1) 11:19  |  Alex 26/09/06
  4.   443 - A history of bloodshed (2) 11:22  |  Alex 26/09/06
  5.   The role of Palestinian Women in Suicide Terrorism 11:30  |  Jay 26/09/06
  6.   It wouldn`t be a legal problem if we declared the Pals as enemies 11:39  |  Nili 26/09/06
  7.   what planet does he live on? 11:49  |  Michelle 26/09/06
  8.   Advocacy journalism 11:55  |  Esther 26/09/06
  9.   What about refugees in Galon`s plan 12:36  |  Sami 26/09/06
  10.   Road 443 13:48  |  Michael Katz 26/09/06
  11.   Bolshevik propaganda? 15:31  |  Gene 26/09/06
  12.   443 and Gal-On plan - connection? 17:24  |  John P. 26/09/06
  13.   colonialism on wheels 19:04  |  Josh Goldman 26/09/06
  14.   The real story 19:28  |  Israeli 26/09/06
  15.   haaretz does it once again 19:39  |  andy 26/09/06
  16.   `Josh Goldman` obviously is ficticious 19:51  |  Aaron 26/09/06
  17.   #2:Henry. Its quite simple...LIBERALISM IS A MENTAL DISORDER. 20:14  |  bat yam 26/09/06
  18.   IT`S THEIR FAULT:ROAD WAS OPEN TO ARABS B4 THEY BEGAN TO KILL US 23:43  |  Israeli realist 26/09/06
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