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Last update - 03:21 29/07/2009
Obama begins pressuring Arab leaders on deal with Israel
By Nathan Guttman
Tags: arabs, israel news, obama 

WASHINGTON - Freezing the expansion of Jewish settlements in the West Bank was once seen as a unilateral Israeli obligation. But the Obama administration is now treating this as part of a package that will require concessions from Arab states as well.

An intensified and more public focus on this idea appears to be one of the byproducts of U.S. President Barack Obama's July 13 pledge to American Jewish communal representatives to address perceptions that he is pressuring only Israel.

So far, the Arabs have been resistant. Still, in the wake of Obama's White House meeting with the Jewish delegation, Israeli, American and Arab leaders have, to varying degrees, shifted their rhetoric in ways that reflect acceptance of a new principle of reciprocity.
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"The Americans now understand that if they get anything from us on the settlement issue, it will only be in the broader context of some kind of Arab return," said an Israeli diplomat, echoing other similar comments from Israeli officials recently. The official added that talks between U.S. Mideast envoy George Mitchell and Defense Minister Ehud Barak have focused on components of a two-sided deal that will include both a settlement freeze and reciprocal steps by Arab countries.

Secretary of State Hillary Clinton appeared to confirm this in a policy speech two days after Obama's White House meeting with the Jewish representatives.

"Progress toward peace cannot be the responsibility of the United States - or Israel - alone," Clinton told the Council on Foreign Relations. "Arab states have a responsibility to support the Palestinian Authority with words and deeds, to take steps to improve relations with Israel and to prepare their publics to embrace peace and accept Israel's place in the region."

A U.S. State Department official told the Forward that steps by the Arab parties were fundamental to Mitchell's mission.

"Special envoy Mitchell continues to engage in constructive conversations with all parties, including Israel, the Palestinians and the Arab states, on steps they could take to help create a climate in which to re-launch negotiations," he said.

At least some Arab parties to the peace process also now appear to accept this.

"The price we pay will depend on what kind of a deal we get on the settlement issue," said an Arab diplomat in response to questions about Israel's stand. "In return for a symbolic compromise on the settlements, some Arab states will be willing to pay with some symbolic gestures."

But so far, the Obama administration appears stymied in its efforts to obtain a commitment to new concessions toward Israel by Arab states, even in the event of an Israeli commitment - nonexistent up to now, even conditionally - to a settlement freeze.

The administration has been frustrated in particular in its quest for flexibility from Saudi Arabia. According to experts and diplomats, tensions between Washington and Riyadh were building even prior to Obama's meeting with Jewish leaders, as a result of a June 3 meeting between Obama and King Abdullah in the Saudi capital. The meeting ended with a clear disagreement over the issue of Israel.

"Why should the king of Saudi Arabia, who is the leader of the Muslim world and the imam of his Muslim community, give something of this nature to the Israelis for free?" asked Jamal Khashoggi, editor-in-chief of the Saudi daily newspaper Al-Watan. "This is a new idea that was probably developed by Israel's friends in Washington."

Khashoggi said the Saudi monarch believes his 2002 peace initiative, supported by the entire Arab League, already offered concessions and showed the kingdom's wish for peace.

Israel never responded to the Saudi initiative. But in her speech to the Council on Foreign Relations, Clinton said that embracing the 2002 Arab peace plan is not enough, and that concrete initial steps are needed now.

The initiative, which Obama has cited as a helpful basis for discussion, commits the Arab world to an official peace agreement with Israel and normalized relations with it if Israel withdraws to its pre-1967 borders, accepts the establishment of a Palestinian state and resolves the issue of Palestinian refugees in accordance with United Nations resolutions.

Those U.N. resolutions, however, appear to require the refugees' return to homes in present-day Israel, constituting one of Israel's principal objections to the proposal.

No handshakes or visas

America's request for signs of normalization with Israel is now focused on symbolic steps. According to Arab and American diplomatic sources, Washington is now asking for the reopening of commercial interest offices of Oman, Qatar and Morocco in Israel and for permission for Israeli commercial airliners to fly over Gulf states, shortening flights from Israel to East Asia by several hours. Public overtures, such as a handshake with Israeli leaders, or providing tourist visas to Israelis seeking to visit Arab countries, are not on the table now, said an Arab diplomat with close knowledge of the talks. The diplomat stressed that such public gestures are viewed as being at the top of the scale of normalization and therefore will be kept for the final phase of the peace process.

"The Arab consensus is that normalization is the last card they have to play," the diplomat said.

Prior to the emerging emphasis on reciprocity, Israel's obligation to freeze the expansion of Jewish settlements in the West Bank was understood to be an independent requirement of the so-called road map for Middle East peace. The 2002 road map, forged by the Bush administration with international partners, required Israel to "immediately" dismantle settlement outposts that even Israel classifies as unauthorized, and to freeze all settlement activity, including natural growth.

The road map also requires the Palestinians to take concrete steps to halt terrorism and violence. But this, too, appears as an independent obligation, untied to any action by Israel.

The new Sadat

The most significant sign thus far of Arab willingness to adopt America's call for normalization has come from the small Gulf kingdom of Bahrain. In a July 16 op-ed published in The Washington Post, Sheikh Salman bin Hamad al-Khalifa, the Bahraini crown prince, called on Arab countries to reach out and communicate with Israel.

"Essentially, we have not done a good enough job demonstrating to Israelis how our initiative can form part of a peace between equals in a troubled land holy to three great faiths," Khalifa wrote.

He went on to criticize Arabs who wish to perpetuate the Israeli-Palestinian conflict so that Palestinian victims "can be manipulated as proxies." The Bahraini leader also urged Arabs not to waste more time in waiting for Israelis to take the first step, calling this approach "small-minded."

Samuel Lewis, a former American ambassador to Israel who was directly involved in the Israeli-Egyptian peace talks in the late 1970s, equated Khalifa's article to peace gestures made by Egyptian president Anwar Sadat before signing the treaty with Israel 30 years ago.

"This is exactly the kind of message that an Arab leader gives both to the United States while at the same time aiming at other Arab leaders," Lewis said in a July 17 conference call organized by Israel Policy Forum.

But Bahrain is still a lone voice among Arab countries. Letters that Obama sent out in June to Arab leaders calling on them to be forthcoming in the peace process have remained largely unanswered. This prompted the president to reportedly state, in his meeting with Jewish leaders, that "there is not much courage" within the Arab leadership.

Experts argue that the roots of the disagreement with Saudi Arabia, considered a linchpin for progress, go deeper.

Jon Alterman, director of the Middle East program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, said the Saudis are disappointed with many aspects of Obama's policy: His drive for ending America's dependency on foreign oil, the decision not to appoint a close confidant as ambassador to Saudi Arabia and choosing the route of diplomatic engagement with Iran.

"There is a Saudi feeling that this administration does not recognize the importance of Saudi Arabia and does not appreciate them," Alterman said.

By arrangement with the Forward

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      1.   Man, this dude is wrong in the very first line! 03:29  |  Johnboy 29/07/09
      2.   UNSC Unanimous Resolution is required to push for comprehensive 03:48  |  American 29/07/09
      3.   already giving up on Israel 04:27  |  Sean 29/07/09
      4.   Arab Peace Plan 04:47  |  Cynical American 29/07/09
      5.   #1 Johnboy , good post which I also posted this afternoon but 05:21  |  Smadar 29/07/09
      6.   obama is a blessing 05:36  |  joe 29/07/09
      7.   Good luck Obama with getting normalization from Arabs 05:43  |  Dan 29/07/09
      8.   I don`t buy it. 06:24  |  Nice try though 29/07/09
      9.   close confidant 06:31  |  jon 29/07/09
      10.   Some restrictions yes...... 06:32  |  American 29/07/09
      11.   Just one little (huge) detail 06:40  |  Bob 29/07/09
      12.   Great Johnyboy. Now you get it? 06:41  |  arik 29/07/09
      13.   #7, Dan 06:41  |  Cipora Julianna Kohn 29/07/09
      14.   #5, Smadar 06:46  |  Cipora Julianna Kohn 29/07/09
      15.   And Johnboy... 06:55  |  BBSNews 29/07/09
      16.   Reversible 07:17  |  zenwick 29/07/09
      17.   Cmon Johnboy, it`s only a handshake 07:17  |  Peter Williams 29/07/09
      18.   This isn`t a war between the West and Arabs/Islam 07:28  |  Marc Leb 29/07/09
      19.   when you put a greenhorn in the white house 08:05  |  v hardman 29/07/09
      20.   Crux of the problem... 08:07  |  new_york_loner 29/07/09
      21.   What`s Behind the News 09:01  |  Dave 29/07/09
      22.   PRESSURING THE ARABS 09:04  |  Akram Malik 29/07/09
      23.   Very easy for the Arabs to show they want peace 09:07  |  Binyamin Dissen 29/07/09
      24.   "So far, the Arabs have been resistant" 09:13  |  Fortuna Benmayor 29/07/09
      25.   Note for Obama 09:28  |  Natallie Durson 29/07/09
      26.   #1 Johnboy 10:05  |  S 29/07/09
      27.   Peace ? to Benyamin 10:42  |  Sam Soul 29/07/09
      28.   Useless gestures.Arabs demand Temple Mount+right of return 11:05  |  Sam 29/07/09
      29.   Israel is the main obstacle to peace 11:08  |  Neil 29/07/09
      30.   The road to Peace is only by International Law 11:13  |  Ivar 29/07/09
      31.   #29 in his next post ivar will reveal his degree in 11:52  |  v hardman 29/07/09
      32.   #11 arik signs up to the Netanyahu wish-list 12:00  |  Johnboy 29/07/09
      33.   #22 akram and the mythical international law again 12:03  |  v hardman 29/07/09
      34.   Obama begins pressuring Arab leaders on deal with Israel 12:03  |  Ralph 29/07/09
      35.   #26 s wants to know where Hamas are.... 12:06  |  Johnboy 29/07/09
      36.   #26 S thinks this is The Best Of All Possible Worlds. 12:09  |  Johnboy 29/07/09
      37.   A matter of what first? 12:15  |  khairi janbek 29/07/09
      38.   #17 You know, THAT`s funny, Peter Williams 12:18  |  Johnboy 29/07/09
      39.   Show me ONE Arab concession for peace since 1880! 12:25  |  Kenny Fisher 29/07/09
      40.   Pretty much all the pressure should be on Israel. 12:42  |  Michael 29/07/09
      41.   So now compliance with UN resolutions depends on reciprocity? 13:22  |  jens 29/07/09
      42.   pressuring arab (leaders) is allways a good idea 13:38  |  pascal torricelli 29/07/09
      43.   It seems Israel wants rewarding for theft 14:25  |  Welshman 29/07/09
      44.   #32 jb in the world of make believe again 14:29  |  v hardman 29/07/09
      45.   To Kenny 14:30  |  Sam Soul 29/07/09
      46.   Six months later and NOW he pressures them? 14:45  |  petra 29/07/09
      47.   PALS HAVE GAZA ISRAELI`S HAVE ISRAEL. 14:48  |  Petra 29/07/09
      48.   Johnboy #32 14:55  |  S 29/07/09
      49.   #36 dnish flaky pastry and more danish crap from jens 15:12  |  v hardman 29/07/09
      50.   arab land problem ?? 15:14  |  mark 29/07/09
      51.   To 34. 15:15  |  khairi janbek 29/07/09
      52.   To Mark 15:52  |  Sam Soul 29/07/09
      53.   Mark from Herzlyaa, whats the problem? 16:06  |  Ibrahim 29/07/09
      54.   As soon as Iranians really master nuclear energy they will offer 16:23  |  Kris Lazar 29/07/09
      55.   #14 Cipora Of course a regional settlement preference... 16:44  |  Smadar 29/07/09
      56.   #1 Johnboy - Phase I (as early as May 2003): End to Palestinian 16:58  |  17 29/07/09
      57.   #38 The place where your claim falls down, S 16:58  |  Johnboy 29/07/09
      58.   "But so far, the Obama administration appears stymied " 17:05  |  Jew 29/07/09
      59.   Concessions Go Both Ways 17:38  |  Jane 29/07/09
      60.   Arabs "lack the courage" to make peace 17:55  |  Lynn 29/07/09
      61.   the truth is the PAls and the Arabs States want all of Israel , 18:05  |  world observer 29/07/09
      62.   The Arab World SHOULD make more overtures to Israel 18:06  |  Ibrahim 29/07/09
      63.   fo my cousin ibrahim 19:09  |  mark 29/07/09
      64.   Johnboy and Natanihau list 19:17  |  arik 29/07/09
      65.   to 25 Agree with Natallie`s approach one thing at a time 21:16  |  CM 29/07/09
      66.   Obama still in campaign mode.. 21:52  |  Malone 29/07/09
      67.   Obama, gestures and the road map 22:22  |  Elihu D RIchter MD 29/07/09
      68.   Good luck Nobama. Do not hold your breath. 22:44  |  4:20 29/07/09
      69.   Lynn, it takes courage to fight, not to make peace 00:42  |  Mark B. 30/07/09
      70.   Sam Soul..lol 01:35  |  Malone 30/07/09
      71.   Marc Leb 01:48  |  Jasper 30/07/09
      72.   To Johnboy, re your exchange with S 06:19  |  Morris Valentine 30/07/09
      73.   To Jasper, re response to Marc Leb 06:26  |  Morris Valentine 30/07/09
      74.   #56 Yeah, let`s pull that rabbit out of the hat, hey, 17? 07:55  |  Johnboy 30/07/09
      75.   Johnboy - It means that PA did not fulfill its obligations. 14:51  |  17 30/07/09
      76.   Johnboy re: S & Morris Valentine 03:36  |  American in NY 31/07/09
      77.   To AiNY (#76): Ducks redux 06:11  |  Morris Valentine 31/07/09
      78.   #75 It`s like I`m talking to a smug child, 17 01:09  |  Johnboy 01/08/09
      79.   #75 That`s the silliest thing I`ve heard in a long time, 17 13:02  |  Johnboy 01/08/09
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