by Carlo Strenger
| Last Update: 22.02.2012
  • Published 12:58 11.10.10
  • Latest update 12:58 11.10.10

Loyalty oath is not about Arabs, it’s about hatred of liberal values

Isaac Herzog is wrong when he says that fascism lurks at the fringes of Israeli society. It is now in the mainstream.

By Carlo Strenger

There is nothing left to say about how bad, harmful and useless the new citizenship law is: Labor Party Minister Isaac Herzog has warned that it is another step towards fascism; legal experts like Mordechai Kremnitzer have pointed out that it doesn’t serve any identifiable purpose except making Arabs feeling even less at home in Israel. Likud Ministers Benny Begin and Dan Meridor have pointed out how harmful the law is for the relation with Israeli Arabs and for Israel’s standing in the world.

Both Shas and Yisrael Beiteinu have already declared that they see this law as just a first step in a general attempt towards ensuring loyalty to the state by legislation. The time has come to ask what really stands behind this rising tide. The obvious answer seems to be that it is directed against both Israel’s Arab citizenry, whom Avigdor Lieberman is alienating and insulting almost every day, and Palestinians who want to gain Israeli citizenship.

But I think that this is not the whole story. Consider this strangest of alliances between Yisrael Beiteinu and Shas; one is a completely secular, ultra-nationalist, the other an ultra-Orthodox party. What do they have in common? Why are they lately so effectively cooperating with each other, together with other extreme-right parties?

Yishai Lieberman Knesset Jan2010 Emil Salman

Shas leader Eli Yishai and Yisrael Beiteinu chair Avigdor Lieberman in the Knesset, January 2010.

Photo by: Emil Salman

I believe that what unites them is less a fear of Israel’s enemies (and Israel does have enemies). It is a visceral hatred for the Western values and the liberal ethos. They all hate freedom; they all hate the idea of critical, open discourse, in which ideas are discussed according to their merit. They keep criticizing what they see as the liberal bias of the media and academia, and they have made sustained attempts to curtail freedom of speech at the universities.

Lieberman’s disdain for these ideas breaks through at every possible moment: lately he has insulted French Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner and Spanish Foreign Minister Miguel Moratinos, telling them they should take care of their own problems in Europe before they come to advise Israel. This has been typical of him for a long time: Lieberman thinks that Israel should turn east; that it should no longer define itself as a Western country, and should finally shake off Israel’s original commitment to be part of the Western world.

Shas has made clear for decades that it just plays along with democracy; that it doesn’t believe in the idea of citizens thinking critically: they believe that only their spiritual leader, Ovadia Yossef, must determine what is right and what is wrong. Other ultra-rightists have been feeling for a long time that the commitment to universal values is undermining their program for the greater Israel in which Palestinians should have no political rights.

They cannot stand the idea that a liberal democracy should be based on rational legislation and is open to criticism by all. They are furious that tribal loyalty is not above criticism. Just lately, national religious rabbis have claimed that studying at universities is a danger for young religious people, because they internalize too many enlightenment values.

We are really talking about a right-wing anti-liberal coalition united by an instinctive hatred against the idea that there are universal standards of rationality and of morality. They do not want to hear criticism of their worldviews that relies on ideas that have, for a long time, been common to the free world. What we are seeing is a fight about Israel’s cultural and political identity.

It may be frightening, but it’s time to realize where we live. Isaac Herzog is wrong when he says that fascism lurks at the fringes of Israeli society. It is now in the mainstream. After all, even the majority of Likud ministers have voted for the shameful new citizenship law amendment.

Israel is now facing a fateful question: will it remain a liberal democracy, or is it on the way to becoming a totalitarian ethnocracy? This is not a rhetorical question. Democracies do not turn into autocratic regimes from one day to the next; it mostly happens step by step. The ugly wave of anti-liberal legislation we are witnessing shows that Israel has embarked on a slippery slope; and we cannot know where it will end. The day may well come when Lieberman and Yishai will argue that critical articles about the government are disloyal to the state, and must be forbidden; and the day may come where the repeated attempts to shut off academics who do not show sufficient “loyalty” will succeed, and they will be fired or jailed.

It is a truly terrible tragedy: we Jews have suffered throughout history from repressive, authoritarian regimes that accused Jews of not being sufficiently German, French, Russian or Spanish. We Jews have experienced the blessing of the enlightenment ideals that allow Jews around the world to live dignified lives and participate in liberal democracies. And the Jewish state is about to gradually erase these values, enshrined in Israel’s Declaration of Independence.

The likes of Eli Yishai and Lieberman cannot possibly be influenced by arguments like this. After all, they hate Enlightenment values and the principles of liberal democracy. But Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, with whom I disagree in many respects, is, at heart, a believer in classical liberalism. He must ask himself whether he can live with the fact that, for the sake of political short-term gain, he is harming Israel’s democracy irretrievably.

And Isaac Herzog must understand that giving interviews saying that fascism is becoming a danger in no way absolves him from the responsibility of being a member of the government that is gradually burying Israel’s democracy.
 

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  • 21. 2 15
    what is to be a fascist !!??
    • drdanielito
    • 12.10.10
    • 11:59

    Dear Strenger will be very useful if you can explain to us,what is "today" fascism. I remember what was in Mussolini days,but today ,in Israel,what is to be a fascist !!?? Yours drdanielito

  • 20. 6 24
  • 19. 47 3
    Hatred of Liberal Values
    • Dr Jonathan Rynhold, Lecturer Bar-Ilan University
    • 12.10.10
    • 08:34

    It's less hatred of liberal values and more fear of them. Populist ultra-nationalists like Lieberman and anti-modern religious ideologies seek to protect themselves from open rational debate because it will also cast great doubt on their positions. It is certainly possible to remain religious and politically conservative in an open intellectual environment, but its much harder to sustain the credibility of "essentialist" extremism. It all starts with Israel's tribal education system. It is certainly legitimate to have religious schools but all school children should have to confront in a serious way, the opinions and outlooks of those different from them. The right to promote certain religious or nationalist beliefs needs to be balanced by the duty to listen and engage with others who think differently. Those of us with "faith" should have the faith that our core beliefs are not so tenuous that they cannot deal with engaging with others who do not share them.

  • 18. 7 28
    Pledge of Allegiance
    • Mark
    • 12.10.10
    • 08:18

    When I became citizen here in the US I had to pledge allegiance to the flag of the united states. So this is hate of liberal values?

  • 17. 19 3
    the Enlightenment and Jews can't be separated
    • CB
    • 12.10.10
    • 01:30

    It's more than your statement that Jews have enjoyed the fruits of the Enlightenment. They were instrumental in the thinking that inspired it and moved it along. This makes it even more disturbing that Israel is moving backward toward the bottleneck of hyper-nationalism that one had hopes the world had moved through. This is yet another reason to distinguish Israeli leadership thinking and world Jewry thinking. The former has left the port of the latter and is headed for the rocks.

  • 16. 5 1
    Strenger in the Night
    • Frank Sinatra
    • 11.10.10
    • 23:34

    As an "opinion piece", an article by Mr. Strenger gets no priority from Haaretz on publishing the comments by readers, and most of the comments are thrown away, along with most of all comments. The result is very little feedback, and Mr. Strenger remains in the dark of night regarding his influence on readers' thoughts. A comparison with the number of published comments on Mr. Burston's articles may be "illuminating". There are many more responses to Burston than to Strenger. Why is that? Is the Burston style so much better? The obvious answer is that the number of comments has little to do with quality. Mr. Burston is right there in the Haaretz building, and the moderators respond to his needs. If they don't, he does it himself. And this is the way you should act, Mr. Strenger. Better tell Haaretz that there will be no new article before the old one gets its full set of comments. You will be happier, and your style will improve too.

  • 15. 24 5
    New law
    • L. Piltz
    • 11.10.10
    • 23:14

    This law will gradually turn other nations against their own Jewish citizens. When it becomes clear that Israel is discriminating against the rights of its own Jewish citizens, as well as of those of Arabs and others, then other nations' right-wing zealots will join the party within their own borders. Is this new law ultimately part of a long-term plan to force most of the rest of the the world's Jews to emigrate to Israel? Cause, that's what's going to result, forcibly or not.

  • 14. 7 1
    What's next?
    • 11.10.10
    • 21:15

    Tattoos? Sorry, been there done that and I already have one.

  • 13. 14 3
    Israel's own Homo Sovieticus
    • Logios
    • 11.10.10
    • 18:41

    The New Soviet Man, born and raised under the Communist system, does not understand the basics of western culture. When the rulers form a new privileged class, people learn to look down on their "inferiors" and racism develops. Settling disputes by brute force is also in the soul of the New Man. Of course law is simply the means for the Dictatorship to control the masses, and the masses are supposed to subvert the law in a way that will make them appear blameless.. Trying to explain law to the Homo Sovieticus is like trying to explain colors to a blind man. As far as Lieberman, can he understand that the West Bank is occupied territory under international law, and that the occupier is forbidden from building settlements there and causing a transfer of his own (Israeli) population to the occupied territory, even by enticing them to buy cheap housing? I guess he understands this as law, but law is supposed to be subverted at your convenience, so what's the problem, you stupid Homo Sapiens?

  • 12. 29 3
    The non-democratic forces are a majority among Israeli Jews
    • Logios
    • 11.10.10
    • 18:41

    Let us look at the composition of Israeli Jews today: 1. The former Soviets constitute about 20%. They grew up under a totalitarian regime and tend to prefer strong leaders and a brute-force approach. 2. The Sephardim (from Islamic states), constitute about 1/3 of the Jews. They tend to hate Arabs, their former oppressors, tend to be more emotional people, and their grounding in democracy is still weak. Shasniks are of course worse in this respect. 3. Religious Ashkenazis, including Haredim, about 10% of the Jews (as estimated by Knesset representation, which minimizes their numbers because they have many children). Haredim and the religious are messianists and believe in Divine Law as superior to state law.// Altogether we have about 2/3 of the Jews with hardline tendencies, based on cultural and religious background. To them one could add the secular Ashkenazi right-wingers like Netanyahu, and you see that Israel is facing a democratic crisis. The big question is: How did the State manage to be formed as a Democracy in the first place. The easy answer is the main non-democratic forces were not yet citizens: The Russians, Sephardim, Haredim, and even moderate religious, had a small and negligible representation in the 1948 Yishuv. They are now ready to destroy what their more democratic brothers have established.

  • 11. 3 18
    Ridiculous
    • Mark
    • 11.10.10
    • 18:32

    stop lying about the nature of Fascism and Liberalism.... you are getting it all wrong!!!!

  • 10. 9 28
    Liberal values????
    • Edifice
    • 11.10.10
    • 17:20

    As far as the existence of Israel is concerned, they don't have any. Liberals would rather push through their defeatist agenda than see Israel thrive.

    • 21 1
      ?
      • Magnus K
      • 11.10.10
      • 19:42

      You obviously do not know what liberalism is. The entire west including America is liberal, and democracy and liberalism (to a a certain degree) cannnot exist without each other. You are probably American, with not much education, which could explain why you think liberalism is part of the traditional political "left-right" axis, which is what I see from comments in US newspapers (i.e. conservatives that for some very odd reason thinks that liberalism and soscialism is part of the same political idea)

  • 9. 4 24
    Liberal values????
    • Edifice
    • 11.10.10
    • 17:20

    As far as the existence of Israel is concerned, they don't have any. Liberals would rather push through their defeatist agenda than see Israel thrive.

  • 8. 10 32
    Oath of allegiance
    • Denis MacEoin
    • 11.10.10
    • 16:49

    I just don't see where the problem lies. Here in the UK, those who become citizens have to swear an oath of allegiance to the Queen. For those in overseas territories, the following pledge must be read: 'I will give my loyalty to the United Kingdom and respect its rights and freedoms. I will uphold its democratic values. I will observe its laws faithfully and fulfil my duties and obligations as a British citizen.' Why would this cause any citizen a problem? It certainly doesn't cause a fuss here. In other situations, we do it all the time: when I became a magistrate, I had to affirm my loyalty. Could I have been trusted if I'd refused to do so?

    • 23 1
      Not required by all
      • idlegossip
      • 11.10.10
      • 18:37

      In the United States all naturalized citizens must make the following oath: I hereby declare, on oath, that I absolutely and entirely renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state, or sovereignty of whom or which I have heretofore been a subject or citizen; that I will support and defend the Constitution and laws of the United States of America against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I will bear arms on behalf of the United States when required by the law; that I will perform noncombatant service in the Armed Forces of the United States when required by the law; that I will perform work of national importance under civilian direction when required by the law; and that I take this obligation freely without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; so help me God. My understanding of the new Israeli loyalty oath is that only non-Jewish citizens will be required to take it. Such a policy is not consistent with a pluralistic democratic republic. But who said Israel is a democracy?

    • 15 0
      to respondent no. 8
      • Susann Codish
      • 11.10.10
      • 20:00

      I don't believe that in the UK only *some* prospective citizens are required to take the oath. One problem with yesterday's cabinet decision is that it requires *only* non-Jewish citizenship applicants to take the oath. I have no problem with a loyalty oath, as long as it is applied equally to all.

    • 18 0
      Oath
      • Jackson
      • 11.10.10
      • 22:09

      The U.S. oath is very similar to the UK one. Not so the oath currently being proposed. The oath under proposal requires non-Jewish applicants for citizenship to affirm loyalty to Israel as a Jewish and democratic state. Although you Brits do have a national church, I don't believe there is anything in your citizenship oath or in any oath of office requiring anyone to swear loyalty to the Church of England (at least not in the last 150 years or so).

    • 18 0
      Oath to Christian nation?
      • kmac
      • 12.10.10
      • 05:20

      I don't think Muslim and Jewish Britons would be expected to give their loyalty to "the Christian nation of the United Kingdom" all of the sudden if they wanted citizenship.

  • 7. 27 5
    it's much more subtle and concrete,dr.strenger.
    • that's the way,of the u.s.a.
    • 11.10.10
    • 16:24

    it's about exclusivity,peace evasion,irritation,provocation-the maintenance of an uncomfortable,(potentially self destructive)status-quo,forever.

  • 6. 66 3
    It becomes clearer and clearer every day
    • Amos
    • 11.10.10
    • 15:56

    There is one major objective common to Israel Beitenu and Shas, namely make life in Israel, for it's arab citizens, as miserable as possible; so much so that the only issue will be to go away and no matter where.

  • 5. 8 1
    Ideals of the Enlightenment
    • anonymous
    • 11.10.10
    • 15:15

    did not reach all countries. Catherine the Great was not able to adopt them. Napoleon also was hostile to Russia and wanted to keep them out of Europe and push them into the East "where they belonged." Countries in the Middle East also did not adopt ideals from the Enlightenment. If you trace all liberalism from the Enlightenment, some countries did not adopt the ideals. Authoritarian personalities also have more prejudice; those who follow a father figure, and perhaps some countries remained more authoritarian. Anyway I found Russia history very interesting; how Catherine and Peter could not incorporate European liberal ideas.

  • 4. 11 63
    You've got it wrong
    • Cole
    • 11.10.10
    • 14:12

    you've got it completely wrong. It's not about liberalism, it's about sovereignty. Lieberman believes in the national interest of sovereignty and when european nations interfere in Israels interests and Lieberman believes they are working against israel, he will speak up and put them in their place. Israeli politics has been dictated by outside sources more then anything. Lieberman is trying to break free from the hold of outside countries on Israeli policy. Imagine if israel or any other country told the U.S or european union what to do? The term "chutzpa" is more relevant to this discussion. This is a nonsense.

    • 32 0
      Sovereignty
      • Anna Merican
      • 11.10.10
      • 18:32

      Where's all this nationalist pride when you are cashing our checks? We've paid for the privilege of sticking our nose in your business.

  • 3. 19 62
    give it a break
    • joe
    • 11.10.10
    • 13:28

    i am tired of these fascism cries. it's nowhere around here, except for the minds of ultra-liberals. the useless loyalty oath is pretty benign and acceptable. after all, if you want to become a citizen of israel, defined as jewish and democratic, there should be no problem for you to say that. it's just the number of those refusing to take the oath will be zero. even our worst enemies like our social benefits... re; spain and france, Lieberman’s disdain for these ideas breaks through at every possible moment: lately he has insulted French Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner and Spanish Foreign Minister Miguel Moratinos, telling them they should take care of their own problems in Europe before they come to advise Israel. - well, he's got point here. i don't remember bibi or lieberman going to spain trying to mediate the basque problem...

    • 51 2
      Euh Who created israel to begin with?
      • Canadian
      • 11.10.10
      • 13:55

      and might i remind you they did it to protect and compensate a group of human beings who were victims of an unprecedented crime against humanity. That particular group of persecuted people was at the complete mercy of this absolute inhumane tyrant. It is impossible that these victims could have been freed if it wasn't for the people who although not persecuted themselves, were willing to die in order to stop that inhumanity from continuing.

  • 2. 8 52
    Liberalism has become a dirty term.
    • 11.10.10
    • 13:27

    For the past 12-13 years now, the term liberalism has been used to define the character of far left leaning adherents on a variety of platforms. The left of today has been hijacked by a fanatic element that interprets liberalism far differently than how the overwhelming majority of citizens view it to be. This is not only true in Israel but the world all over. The progressive ideas pushed by the fringe left have left nation states in limbo and societies clearly divided. The latter is evident from the situation in most of Europe, the United States, Israel, Australia, and many other places. The liberalism of the past decade is viewed as an insurgence of socialist/communist doctrine attempting to creep its way into the democratic process. Most are simply not interested in going down that destructive path.

    • 38 1
      no?
      • O
      • 11.10.10
      • 14:01

      Liberalism is not a dirty term. It takes more than a few republican spokesmen to erase hundreds of years of progress.

    • 7 30
      It does take more than Republican rhetoric....
      • 11.10.10
      • 14:32

      It takes democratic process and votes to conclude that latter. Have you been paying attention to current events in comparative politics? Liberalism of the socialist mantra is on the run. Voters the world over have intervened in the destructive path being paved by the far left fringe. All one must do is to look at the electoral climate of states. In almost every election throughout the past 3 years, the liberal/socialist alliance have been licking their wounds from the beatings they've gotten at the polls. The US mid-term elections will only be another stamp on this arguement. I thought someone responded with an intelligent point. Clearly not.

  • 1. 70 2