by Carlo Strenger
| Last Update: 15.02.2012
  • Published 16:22 15.09.09
  • Latest update 16:09 13.11.09

A pragmatic vision for Israel's Left: A reply to Benny Morris

A credible vision for the Left requires sticking to our moral principles, but to take a much more pragmatic approach to peace-making.

By Carlo Strenger Tags: Barack Obama Israel news Middle East peace

The Israeli Left needs a new vision.

One of the most disturbing defectors from its ranks is Benny Morris. When, in 2001, he started to state, time and again, that he did not believe in the possibility of peace with the Palestinians, his voice was impossible to ignore.

Here is a man whose intellectual integrity and commitment to factual truth is unwavering; who was jailed for refusing to serve in the West Bank in the 1980s; who had risked his own academic career to stick to the historical truth about Israel's role in the creation of the Palestinians refugee problem in and who cannot possibly be taken to be a representative of some state-manufactured ideological narrative. This important historian now said that David Ben-Gurion should have completed the transfer, because he cannot see that Arabs will ever accept Israel - certainly not an easy proposition to stomach.

He reaffirms his pessimism in a recent article in the Guardian, and says that Barack Obama is taking on mission impossible, that his attempt at renewing the peace process is doomed to failure. The title of his recent book, One State, Two States: Resolving the Israel/Palestine conflict, is misleading, because its thesis is that the conflict cannot be resolved. He believes that Palestinians in particular, and Arabs in general, have never accepted Israel's existence, and that they will not do so for a long time.

There are deep reasons for Morris' disillusionment. Like most Israelis he is traumatized by the shattered hopes of 2000, when the failure of Camp David was followed by the second intifada.

The Israeli left's position until 2000 had two components. The first was a moral vision: Israel must not be a state that does not respect human rights. Holding on to the territories is immoral because it refuses millions of Palestinians the most basic rights.

The second was an empirical prediction: if Israel were to propose to the Palestinians a withdrawal from the territories, peace would ensue. This prediction was shattered after Camp David 2000, when the bloodshed reached new, terrible heights. Benny Morris, like many Israelis, took this to be the death of the left's empirical prediction. His conclusion has been that Arab and Palestinian Rejectionism are here to stay, and that the conflict cannot be resolved for generations to come.

Morris' mistaken hope for "peace now" in the 1990s was representative of the left (and that includes me); we were too busy with lofty principles, and not attentive enough to facts on the ground. We didn't realize that the Palestinians were still ambivalent about peace, and that their governance was catastrophic, rife with corruption and internal power struggles.

We also weren't paying enough attention to Israel's actions. As many reviewers of Morris' book have pointed out, he doesn't say a word about Israel's continuing land expropriations and settlement expansions, which led many Palestinians to doubt that Israel truly meant peace. The combination of Israel's insincerity and the Palestinians' internal chaos had catastrophic consequences.

Morris, in a Haaretz interview with Ari Shavit, says that he continues to be a man of the left, because he continues to favor the two-state solution in principle. He just doesn't believe it's feasible. Morris' state of mind is reflected in the left's disappearance in the Knesset: Israel's citizens are not willing to vote for principles, if they see no realistic hope for peace.

While I respect Morris' intellectual integrity and greatness as a historian, I think he is wrong, because his assessment of the present is strongly influenced by the trauma of the failure of Camp David 2000, notions about the clash of civilizations and the nature of Islam. I believe that there are good empirical reasons to believe that peace is possible, and that the left needs a new, pragmatic vision to regain the public's support.

Neither Palestinian nor Arab Rejectionism are immutable laws of nature. Morris is not relating to a sea change in the Arab world, because this change is not a sudden love for Israel. Arab leaders know that the days of their oil-based economies are limited, and many of them are attempting to modernize their countries. They also know that political Islam threatens their own regimes, and that only economic development and a positive horizon of a future for their disaffected youth will prevent an Islamic takeover. They know that such modernization requires close ties to the West. This is reflected in the Arab League's peace initiative that Morris, like all Israeli governments, simply chooses to disregard.

Morris is also inattentive to ongoing changes in the West Bank. General Dayton of the U.S. has documented the increasing effectiveness, transparency and accountability of the Palestinian security forces he is training. It is surprising how little attention Morris pays to the revolution that Fatah has undergone and the rise of a younger, much more pragmatic leadership and the deserved respect Palestinian Prime Minister Salam Fayyad is gaining for his unflinching sense of justice and pragmatic efficiency.

My answer to Benny Morris is that we need to awaken from the trauma of 2000. A credible vision for the Left requires sticking to our moral principles, but to take a much more pragmatic approach to peace-making. No Israeli government will be able to move out of the territories tomorrow, before the security situation has cleared up. But we must dismantle settlements and roadblocks in the heartland of Palestine to improve quality of life and make economic development possible, and to speed up along the road toward establishing a Palestinians state, even with temporary borders. A great effort toward building the Palestinian economy must be made to give hope to Palestinians youth. This is a realistic possibility: there are many businesspeople willing to invest in Palestine's economy and to create genuine synergies between Israel and Palestine.

I anticipate the following objection: "Aren't you selling out to Netanyahu's ploy of 'economic peace'? Aren't you abandoning the basics of the Left's vision?"

The answer is a clear "no". I have no idea what Netanyahu's vision for the future is - and sometimes I doubt that he has one. My vision is very clear: a retreat to the 1967 borders and unequivocal assertion of the Palestinian right to their own state. We need to stick to our ideals, and yet be pragmatic in creating a blueprint for the details of the peace process. That's hope we can believe in.

This article originally appeared in the Comment is Free section of guardian.co.uk

Previous blog entries by Carlo Strenger:

  • Why Israel's left has disappeared

  • One-state solution is a blueprint for a nightmare

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    • 28. 0 0
      Israel is the no-partner
      • Yael
      • 20.09.09
      • 08:04

      The failure at camp david was wrought by Barak and the number one rejectionist of peace has been and continues to be the Israeli Government. I don't buy Morris'so called intellectual and moral "integrity". He does not want to see Israel's major responsibility in the current situation.

    • 27. 0 0
      suicide bombers
      • joe smith
      • 16.09.09
      • 09:01

      "But we must dismantle settlements and roadblocks in the heartland of Palestine" so that the job of suicide bombers will be easy on their way to kill jews

      • 0 0
        Does that mean that
        • Neil
        • 17.05.10
        • 03:06

        Palestinians should be able to set up road blocks on Israeli air force air field run ways so that they can make it easier to stop Israeli bombers taking off to drop 1 ton terror bombs on residential neighborhoods in Gaza?

    • 26. 0 0
      Acceptance of Jewish Israel not impossible but never offered
      • Sam
      • 16.09.09
      • 02:54

      The Israeli Left has no idea if or under what conditions the Arabs would accept a Jewish-majority Israel. It just likes to think so.Why don't you ask their leadership and get the answer from the source rather than guessing at appeasement tactics?

    • 25. 0 0
      It will take a long time for the left
      • Sima
      • 15.09.09
      • 22:57

      to understand what every street sweeper in Israel already knows.

    • 24. 0 0
      Esther USA #21, maybe you are not familiar with the terrain
      • Esther
      • 15.09.09
      • 22:44

      ... but the Pal refugees cannot hope to return to sovreign Israel... ... however, they can strive to return to the West Bank, which is presently territory occupied by Israel on a temporary basis, since Israel has no legally recognized rights on the WB...

    • 23. 0 0
      This Vision is death to Israel - Pragmatic????
      • Rafi
      • 15.09.09
      • 22:39

      YOur Vision is death to Israel basically from a security standpoint. Very pragmatic very brilliant and totally self delusional! Kol a Koved to your principals which are at best wishful thinking!

    • 22. 0 0
      The Jews
      • not your homey
      • 15.09.09
      • 21:22

      The world would be a better place without you nazi-jews. Every country should stop paying trillions of money to you rotten land of sand. Your Israel-Ponzi-Sheme will go down! You make all Jews flee their countries and you are paying for that soon.

    • 21. 0 0
      peace will come when Palestinians have justice
      • Esther
      • 15.09.09
      • 21:16

      Peace will come when the Palestinians feel that they have received justice, and that means that the refugee problem must be dealt with fairly and in keeping with international law. This means allowing the refugees the freedom to reclaim their homes and re-establish their villages in Israel if they want to--the decision should be theirs. Two states on the same land--a condominium--would allow refugees to return AND Israel to remain a Jewish state (and Palestine also to be a state, with membership in the United Nations). Each state would take care of its own population. The two states would coordinate on everything else. See parityforpeace.org. P.S. The West Bank is not disputed land. It is occupied land, subject the the Fourth Geneva Convention, which says that an occupying force may not move settlers into the territory it occupies.

    • 20. 0 0
      'We also weren't paying enough attention to Israel's actions'
      • Colin Wright
      • 15.09.09
      • 21:04

      Israel's actions weren't the only things you weren't paying enough attention to -- you've apparently never actually read Morris' books. He's extremely biased in favor of Israel. He constantly rearranges the sequences of events, chooses words, comes to conclusions that simply defy the facts he has just cited, etc to make Israel's case look as plausible as possible. Sometimes he becomes almost unreadable on this account. You just can't figure out what he is actually saying. What's more, he has always frankly stated that he is a partisan of Zionism. He'd probably grant that he's hardly trying to be even-handed. He just refuses to participate in outright lies. That's all.

    • 19. 0 0
      This is pragmatic?
      • Sidney
      • 15.09.09
      • 20:45

      Under present and foreseeable conditions, there is a significant probability that a Palestinian country would be a terror base against Israel and a staging base for an attack sponsored by countries like Iran, No responsible Israeli government can risk this. The only reasonable policy is to "hold on" until major changes occur in the Arab Muslim world. With renewable energy and electric cars, there oil wealth will disappear. As China has learned, the price of economic survival is opening up to the rest of the world. With this opening, militant Islam will fade and the desire to destroy Israel will no longer be more important that improving the lives of people. Then, peace will be possible.

    • 18. 0 0
      Does the historian know the history?
      • Gene
      • 15.09.09
      • 20:16

      The idea that peace between two nations could be achieved by negotiations is not a leftist idea. It is a foolish idea. It never worked in the past which means it most likely will never work in the future. So far only a complete defeat of the enemy was bringing the peace.

    • 17. 0 0
      Benny Morris And The Second Intifada
      • c
      • 15.09.09
      • 20:09

      Morris' disillusionment and reaction to the Second Intifada seems to ignore the role of Sharon's provocation on the Temple Mount and the viciousness of the IDF in the riots that followed - 47 Palestinians killed and 1,800 wounded compared to five Israeli deaths. Morris has left his reputation as an honoured historian behind - he is now no more than a shill for right-wing Zionist propaganda.

    • 16. 0 0
      #4 Swiss ! Reality check !
      • TOMY
      • 15.09.09
      • 20:04

      You say "is to drive the indigenous Arab population out of the West Bank by making life there impossible for them." You might not be aware ,but Jews are at least as indigenous to the land as Arabs are . And the land is disputed anyway , not as if Israel took something without a legit claim . The whole issue is turned upside down and people like you , who do not know , or do not wish to know the whole story try to create a story .

    • 15. 0 0
      the left doesn't have to win polls to have an effect
      • peter rouget
      • 15.09.09
      • 20:01

      The majority is never right, and the left doesn't have to garner big numbers or public relations gimmicks with spin to do it's job. Let me tell you a true story to make the point: Norman Thomas was the perennial Socialist Candidate in America in the first half of the 20th century. He was asked pointedly, at the end of his career, how come you ran repeatedly when you never garnered more than 2% of the vote? Thomas replied: When I first ran they said I was a mad anarchist, when I ran again they said I was a dirty Communist. The third time, a lousy Socialist. The fourth time, Roosevelt adopted my entire program in the New Deal. So, friends, what's important is that members of the left articulate clearly the moral and practical points they are making accurately. And in fact, Bibi has turned dramatically left, now, after decades of denial, speaking of the possibility of a Palestinian state side by side with Israel. The left will prevail by truth, not numbers. Baruch ha Shem.

    • 14. 0 0
      the morally bankrupt left
      • ali
      • 15.09.09
      • 19:52

      Carlo and his ilk are the real reason that peace is a dream. Appeasement and a chamberlinian approach rerach the opposite of desirious results.

    • 13. 0 0
      If a large percentag of Pals are still unable to believe in peace
      • Esther
      • 15.09.09
      • 19:49

      ... then they must be conveyed kicking-and screaming into peace negotations... ... the same applies to the rabid and refractory among the settlers... ... many, as I do, still believe that there is a sane majority of Israelis across the political spectrum... ... who would opt for peace in our time with our neighbor's, the Pals... ... rather than the alternative which is untenable to live with for all of us, on both sides of the divide...

    • 12. 0 0
      Excellent article by Carlo Strenger
      • Smadar
      • 15.09.09
      • 18:53

      We expect rightly the Arab recognition of the Jewish State but at the same time what have they been witnessing, expropriation of West Bank Palestinian territory, which time and time again is considered unlawful from international nations as well as Israel's closest ally, the United States. Nothing justifies the terror inflicted upon Israel but the Palestinians responded with intifadas when U.N. resolutions were ignored throughout the decades after the initial resolution 3 days into the Six Day War by the U.S. Both sides must make compromises for peace if peace is genuinely sought that is.

    • 11. 1 0
      Pragmatism as a necessity of life
      • Mark Lincoln
      • 15.09.09
      • 18:35

      Ideologues spend their life fantasizing of perfect worlds. Pragmatists try to make the one we live in work. I have immense respect for Benny Morris the historian. I understand his reservations, as well as Carlo Strenger's suggestions. I cannot see how 'peace' will come with a single moment. I am most impressed that in 2,500 years there has not been an example to show Sun Tzu wrong in his postulation that 'there is not a single example of a nation which profited from protracted war." In the long run if Israel is to prosper it must end the war with Palestine. This cannot be done by including Palestinians within the State of Israel. It cannot be done by expelling or exterminating them. Thus it can only be done by allowing a Palestinian State. If settlement expansion is allowed then the possibility of a Palestinian state ceases to exist. But what then becomes of the Palestinians? Expulsion? Or death camps? Or just a walled ghetto with permanent sub-human status? And war.

      • 0 0
        I agree
        • Neil
        • 17.05.10
        • 02:59

        Just think of the schools, medical areas that have been stolen from the Israelis due to their government not wanting peace but to steal more land. Something that the world is not going to allow. . . If I was an Israeli, I would be very annoyed. . .

    • 10. 0 0
      to #2
      • me
      • 15.09.09
      • 18:24

      its not about building homes its about stealing land.

    • 9. 0 0
      OK, but what concrete does that pragmatism mean?
      • ivo
      • 15.09.09
      • 18:09

      strenger repeats & repeats about pragmatism. these days we need some more detailed proposals about what to do & in which direction to go. what he says is in fact not very different from what netanyahu is saying, w/the only difference that strenger would be willing to clear out some of the settlements on the way to the "distant goal". both somehow imply it's gonna work out in the end, in the meantime let's be pragmatic. how long are the two sides gonna need to work out a final deal? you need a real horizon here, one that makes it credible the two sides are actually going the same way (unlike oslo), & you need it fast. it's not bad what he's saying & the analysis of morris etc is interesting. only one note. i always react negatively to this kind of division: "israel was insincere, the pals were in chaos & ambivalent" - one was an actor, the other only had a "condition". that's always wrong. both were insincere during oslo.

    • 8. 0 0
      Benny Morris - Integrity and Awakening
      • Fish
      • 15.09.09
      • 17:57

      His book "The birth of the Palestinian refugee problem, 1947-1949," shows that he is a good historian. His refusal to serve in the territories -- he was young and ideallistic, you have to forgive him for that. His conclusion, albeit belated, that Ben Gurion should have expelled all the Arabs from the territories taken during the War of Independence is correct. Things would have been far simpler now. Mr. Strenger and the "left": why do you all insisit on the pre-1967 borders? I haven't heard a convincing argument from you yet.

      • 0 0
        The pre 1967 borders are
        • Neil
        • 17.05.10
        • 02:56

        The de-facto starting point. (it illegal to gain land through war - Geneva conventions) Israel needs defensible borders but it cannot do so by annexing land. The final size of Israel and Palestine are to be the same as within 1967 borders. The territory exchanges have to be negotiated and agreed. The other side is if no other agreement can be negotiated, the border will be the 1967 borders. It is up to Israel to offer the Palestinians a border that they agree on. Otherwise, we move towards boycotts, etc to encourage Israel to come to the table. The Palestinians have already offered 1967 borders, what it Israel willing to offer. . .

    • 7. 0 0
      The left is dilusional
      • A Sarasotan
      • 15.09.09
      • 17:44

      "Simple logic" assumes that the Israeli colonies in the OT are the only problem. He mentions nothing about the years of oocupation by the Israeli Military and security forces, murders of Palestinians, political kidnappings and total societal domination. And, he implies that the Palestinians are building colonies in Israel.

    • 6. 0 0
      left behind
      • avrum pesach
      • 15.09.09
      • 17:31

      The left and right are inseperable relative concepts. A bird cannot fly without the two, nor a brain or buttox function without the opposing lobe. The decline in the knesset of overt left policies actually weakens the right as well as the whole is diminished. Arab rejectionsism and backward looking is intrinsic to their culture and politics. Israel encroachment on Palestinian land prejudices the future. Both sides seem to take comfort from the perpetual conflict, and the blood of innocents will be the price. Ego, pride, glorifying and misreading history are the real issues. Let us remember Begin left Sinai, and Sharon left Gaza, and Bibi, if he wakes up from his trance will start to withdraw from illegal and dangerous settlements. Or go down in history as the leader who mislead Israel into final catastrophe..

    • 5. 0 0
      Which Rejectionism is an Immutable Law "of Nature"?
      • Dear Carlo Strenger
      • 15.09.09
      • 17:23

      Strenger is right: "Neither Palestinian nor Arab Rejectionism are immutable laws of nature". But is the current Israeli???

    • 4. 0 0
      # 2 Equation of "killing people" and "building homes"
      • Swiss (Dino)
      • 15.09.09
      • 17:19

      You are correct, most people would agree that "building homes" is much more innocent than "killing people" (terrorism). If "building homes" is seen as a form of peace- ful future coexistence, which would then of course automatically require the right to vote for the West Bank Palestinians in a "Greater Israel", then that is correct. But that is not what most settlers and right- wing Israel/Diaspora want. They regard all the land as Jewish land, and the clear aim is to drive the indigenous Arab population out of the West Bank by making life there impossible for them. In that case, the otherwise innocent "building of homes" becomes indeed a form of "terrorism".

    • 3. 0 0
      Moral equivalence
      • WHG
      • 15.09.09
      • 17:04

      No one suggests that building homes is morally equivalent to killing people but the issues should be stated squarely and honestly. Rocket fire from Gaza and suicide bombers are certainly wrong and those who engage in it should be condemned as they harm innocent civilians. "Building homes" is a deceptive euphemism for the theft of another people's land and unlike suicide bombings, is an officially sanctioned state act that, along with many other Israeli policies, does harm to innocent civilians. It is state sponsored collective punishment and patently illegal.

    • 2. 0 0
      The Left is dilusional
      • Simple logic
      • 15.09.09
      • 16:38

      For starters, you should hold Israel and the Palestinians to equal standards. It doesn't help when you routinely turn a blind eye to Palestinian aggression (killing people, inciting hate in Arab media) by excusing it as the result of Jews building homes. There is absolutely no moral equivalency between building homes and killing people. If the territories are disputed then *both* Israeli and Palestinian construction unduly influences final talks, not just Israeli. Furthermore, Israel has destroyed its own settlements numerous times; how many times have the Palestinians done the same or arrested its terrorist groups? In short: stop trying to "enlighten us" and just be pragmatic. Drop the vision and face reality.

      • 0 0
        Not sure of
        • Neil
        • 17.05.10
        • 02:46

        How many settlements Palestinians have built on the Israeli side of the green line but I am sure that they will demolish them all if Israel will demolish all the ones they have built on the Palestinian side of the green line. You sir are a buffoon. . .

    • 1. 0 0
      what is pragmatic here?
      • chuck
      • 15.09.09
      • 16:11

      Please explain.